IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jscscx/v11y2022i4p153-d784879.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Association between Neighborhood and Racial Composition of Victims on Fatal Police Shooting and Police Violence: An Integrated Review (2000–2022)

Author

Listed:
  • Hossein Zare

    (Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Global Health Services and Administration, The School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD 20774, USA)

  • Nicholas S. Meyerson

    (Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Paul Delgado

    (Center for Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA)

  • Michelle Spencer

    (Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Darrell J. Gaskin

    (Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Roland J. Thorpe

    (Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

Abstract

Police violence is a multidimensional issue that requires consideration of the violent events and how these events reflect systemic oppression. Violence and policing practices are influenced by race and ethnicity, place/neighborhood, structural inequality, and racism. We performed an integrated literature review to critically evaluate the current evidence, focusing on the racial composition of communities and neighborhoods and its association with police-involved violence and fatal shootings between 2000 and 2022. We used Scopus and Web of Science to include peer-reviewed articles in English that studied racial/ethnic differences in police-involved violence in the United States between January 2000 and February 2022. We excluded prior systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and articles on drug-related arrests. Using a PRISMA approach from 651 identified articles, we included 37 articles. Our findings showed that racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately stopped, experience a higher probability of arrest, and are more commonly subjected to police-involved fatal shootings. Victims are more likely to live in neighborhoods with lower income and distressed communities of color, higher poverty ratios, and the highest levels of criminal violence. Citizens reporting of negative interactions with police is strongly associated with race/ethnicity. Maintaining the highest standards of professional practice consistent with the law and protections guaranteed by the Constitution may reduce police violence. In addressing police violence, policymakers not only need to consider the multidisciplinary nature of vulnerability to address the needs of vulnerable populations and create a collaborative environment but also to control police violence. Considering community-based approaches, encouraging training to interact with minority individuals, and adjusting the racial composition of the police officers by the racial composition of communities are other strategies; more importantly, prioritizing strategies to reduce social inequality and structural racism are crucial.

Suggested Citation

  • Hossein Zare & Nicholas S. Meyerson & Paul Delgado & Michelle Spencer & Darrell J. Gaskin & Roland J. Thorpe, 2022. "Association between Neighborhood and Racial Composition of Victims on Fatal Police Shooting and Police Violence: An Integrated Review (2000–2022)," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:153-:d:784879
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/4/153/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/4/153/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johnson, Odis & St. Vil, Christopher & Gilbert, Keon L. & Goodman, Melody & Johnson, Cassandra Arroyo, 2019. "How neighborhoods matter in fatal interactions between police and men of color," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 226-235.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Koslicki, Wendy M. & Lytle, Daniel J. & Willits, Dale W. & Brooks, Rachael, 2021. "‘Rhetoric without reality’ or effective policing strategy? An analysis of the relationship between community policing and police fatal force," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    2. Zimmerman, Gregory M. & Fridel, Emma E. & Sheppard, Keller G. & Lawshe, Nathaniel L., 2021. "Contextualizing fatal police-resident encounters with a focus on Hispanic or Latin American Places: Does macro-level racial and ethnic composition distinguish resident fatalities by the police and pol," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    3. Raj, Anita & Chatterji, Sangeeta & Johns, Nicole E. & Yore, Jennifer & Dey, Arnab K. & Williams, David R., 2023. "The associations of everyday and major discrimination exposure with violence and poor mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    4. Reid, Allecia E. & Earnshaw, Valerie A., 2023. "Embracing heterogeneity: Implications for research on stigma, discrimination, and African Americans’ health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:153-:d:784879. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.