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Urban Avian Conservation Planning Using Species Functional Traits and Habitat Suitability Mapping

Author

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  • Andrew Tim Man Chin

    (Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 101 Exchange Ave, Vaughan, ON L4K 5R6, Canada
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada)

  • Jonathan Leo William Ruppert

    (Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 101 Exchange Ave, Vaughan, ON L4K 5R6, Canada
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada)

  • Namrata Shrestha

    (Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 101 Exchange Ave, Vaughan, ON L4K 5R6, Canada
    School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 149 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada)

  • Marie-Josée Fortin

    (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada)

Abstract

Urbanization adversely impacts biodiversity by reducing the quantity and quality of natural habitat areas. Additionally, the quality of natural habitat depends on its bio-physical characteristics (e.g., natural cover, impervious surfaces, urban tree canopy) as well as the functional traits of species inhabiting them (e.g., breeding/foraging habitat requirements). To better plan conservation of regional biodiversity in urbanized landscapes, it is therefore critical to assess the relationship between the landscape and the response of key Functional Trait Groups (FTGs) of species. To identify different FTGs of 116 avian species in the urbanized landscape of the Toronto region (Canada), we conducted a Functional Trait Analysis (FTA) using RLQ-fourth corner analysis. We focused on four species traits (diet, foraging, nesting, and territoriality) to identify the FTGs and their association with natural cover and landscape characteristics (landcover types, patch quality, habitat connectivity). Then, to predict FTG presence in relation to the landscape characteristics, we performed a Habitat Suitability Analysis (HSA). From this analysis, we found 21 avian FTGs with different habitat suitability values that correspond to forested patches and wetlands. The HSA for tree canopy, forest insectivore, and ground-nesting birds (or FTGs) have higher suitability values within forest patches, while aerial insectivores have higher suitability values in older residential neighborhoods indicating the value of the urban tree canopy. This methodological approach shows that by mapping habitat suitability by FTG one can identify strategic conservation areas that target multiple species, shifting efforts from a single species to a community-based functional focus. Our study highlights the conservation value of remnant and/or restored habitat patches in near urban and urban landscapes that help to maximize the persistence of regional avian biodiversity.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Tim Man Chin & Jonathan Leo William Ruppert & Namrata Shrestha & Marie-Josée Fortin, 2022. "Urban Avian Conservation Planning Using Species Functional Traits and Habitat Suitability Mapping," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:10:p:1831-:d:945951
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caspar A. Hallmann & Ruud P. B. Foppen & Chris A. M. van Turnhout & Hans de Kroon & Eelke Jongejans, 2014. "Declines in insectivorous birds are associated with high neonicotinoid concentrations," Nature, Nature, vol. 511(7509), pages 341-343, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luqin Yin & Cheng Wang & Wenjing Han & Chang Zhang, 2023. "Birds’ Flight Initiation Distance in Residential Areas of Beijing Are Lower than in Pristine Environments: Implications for the Conservation of Urban Bird Diversity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.

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