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Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas Species in the Final Effluents of Three Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Emmanuel E. Odjadjare

    (Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Western Delta University, P.M.B. 10, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

  • Etinosa O. Igbinosa

    (Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
    Department of Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B. 14, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria)

  • Raphael Mordi

    (Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria)

  • Bright Igere

    (Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Western Delta University, P.M.B. 10, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria)

  • Clara L. Igeleke

    (Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria)

  • Anthony I. Okoh

    (Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa)

Abstract

The final effluents of three (Alice, Dimbaza, and East London) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were evaluated to determine their physicochemical quality and prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas species, between August 2007 and July 2008. The annual mean total Pseudomonas count (TPC) was 1.20 × 10 4 (cfu/100 mL), 1.08 × 10 4 (cfu/100 mL), and 2.66 × 10 4 (cfu/100 mL), for the Alice, Dimbaza, and East London WWTPs respectively. The effluents were generally compliant with recommended limits for pH, temperature, TDS, DO, nitrite and nitrate; but fell short of target standards for turbidity, COD, and phosphate. The tested isolates were highly sensitive to gentamicin (100%), ofloxacin (100%), clindamycin (90%), erythromycin (90%) and nitrofurantoin (80%); whereas high resistance was observed against the penicillins (90–100%), rifampin (90%), sulphamethoxazole (90%) and the cephems (70%). MAR index ranged between 0.26 and 0.58. The study demonstrated that MAR Pseudomonas species were quite prevalent in the final effluents of WWTPs in South Africa; and this can lead to serious health risk for communities that depend on the effluent-receiving waters for sundry purposes.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel E. Odjadjare & Etinosa O. Igbinosa & Raphael Mordi & Bright Igere & Clara L. Igeleke & Anthony I. Okoh, 2012. "Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas Species in the Final Effluents of Three Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:9:y:2012:i:6:p:2092-2107:d:18082
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmanuel E.O. Odjadjare & Larry C. Obi & Anthony I. Okoh, 2010. "Municipal Wastewater Effluents as a Source of Listerial Pathogens in the Aquatic Milieu of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: A Concern of Public Health Importance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-19, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stenly Makuwa & Matsobane Tlou & Elvis Fosso-Kankeu & Ezekiel Green, 2020. "Evaluation of Fecal Coliform Prevalence and Physicochemical Indicators in the Effluent from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the North-West Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Ejovwokoghene C. Odjadjare & Ademola O. Olaniran, 2015. "Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant and Virulent Salmonella spp. in Treated Effluent and Receiving Aquatic Milieu of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Durban, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-22, August.
    3. Olayinka Osuolale & Anthony Okoh, 2015. "Assessment of the Physicochemical Qualities and Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Vibrios in the Final Effluents of Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in South Africa: Ecological and Public Health Impli," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, October.

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