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Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

Author

Listed:
  • Reinskje Talhout

    (Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Thomas Schulz

    (Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany)

  • Ewa Florek

    (Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland)

  • Jan Van Benthem

    (Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Piet Wester

    (Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Antoon Opperhuizen

    (Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Tobacco smoke is a toxic and carcinogenic mixture of more than 5,000 chemicals. The present article provides a list of 98 hazardous smoke components, based on an extensive literature search for known smoke components and their human health inhalation risks. An electronic database of smoke components containing more than 2,200 entries was generated. Emission levels in mainstream smoke have been found for 542 of the components and a human inhalation risk value for 98 components. As components with potential carcinogenic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects have been included, the three major smoke-related causes of death are all covered by the list. Given that the currently used Hoffmann list of hazardous smoke components is based on data from the 1990s and only includes carcinogens, it is recommended that the current list of 98 hazardous components is used for regulatory purposes instead. To enable risk assessment of components not covered by this list, thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC) have been established from the inhalation risk values found: 0.0018 µg day −1 for all risks, and 1.2 µg day −1 for all risks excluding carcinogenicity, the latter being similar to previously reported inhalation TTCs.

Suggested Citation

  • Reinskje Talhout & Thomas Schulz & Ewa Florek & Jan Van Benthem & Piet Wester & Antoon Opperhuizen, 2011. "Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:2:p:613-628:d:11434
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paul S. Price & Heli M. Hollnagel & Jack M. Zabik, 2009. "Characterizing the Noncancer Toxicity of Mixtures Using Concepts from the TTC and Quantitative Models of Uncertainty in Mixture Toxicity," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(11), pages 1534-1548, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Melissa Parnell & Lawrence Foweather & Greg Whyte & John Dickinson & Ivan Gee, 2021. "Associations between Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Health in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Sònia Torres & Carla Merino & Beatrix Paton & Xavier Correig & Noelia Ramírez, 2018. "Biomarkers of Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, November.
    3. Arianna Antonucci & Matteo Vitali & Stefano Martellucci & Vincenzo Mattei & Carmela Protano, 2020. "A Cross-Sectional Study on Benzene Exposure in Pediatric Age and Parental Smoking Habits at Home," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, July.
    4. Miyuki Noguchi & Saya Tanaka & Kaede Watanabe & Akihiro Yamasaki, 2016. "Correlation between Odor Concentration and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Composition of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-12, October.
    5. Farnoosh Haghighi & Leah Andriasian & Nini Chaichanasakul Tran & Renate Lux, 2022. "Effect of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoke Condensates on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Gene Expression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-15, April.
    6. Rosalie V. Caruso & Richard J. O'Connor & W. Edryd Stephens & K. Michael Cummings & Geoffrey T. Fong, 2013. "Toxic Metal Concentrations in Cigarettes Obtained from U.S. Smokers in 2009: Results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) United States Survey Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    7. Jigen Na & Huiting Chen & Hang An & Nan Li & Lailai Yan & Rongwei Ye & Zhiwen Li, 2022. "Association of Rare Earth Elements with Passive Smoking among Housewives in Shanxi Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-12, January.
    8. Alexis Nzila & Shaikh Abdur Razzak & Jesse Zhu, 2016. "Bioaugmentation: An Emerging Strategy of Industrial Wastewater Treatment for Reuse and Discharge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, August.
    9. Minghui Ji & Yudong Zhang & Na Li & Chao Wang & Rong Xia & Zhan Zhang & Shou-Lin Wang, 2017. "Nicotine Component of Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) Decreases the Cytotoxicity of CSE in BEAS-2B Cells Stably Expressing Human Cytochrome P450 2A13," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-13, October.
    10. Benjamin T. Kopp & Juan Antonio Ortega-García & S. Christy Sadreameli & Jack Wellmerling & Estelle Cormet-Boyaka & Rohan Thompson & Sharon McGrath-Morrow & Judith A. Groner, 2016. "The Impact of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-10, October.
    11. Rusdi Abd Rashid & Sharmilla Kanagasundram & Mahmoud Danaee & Hazreen Abdul Majid & Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman & Muhammad Muhsin Ahmad Zahari & Chong Guan Ng & Benedict Francis & Wan Azlinda Irnee Wan Husin, 2019. "The Prevalence of Smoking, Determinants and Chance of Psychological Problems among Smokers in an Urban Community Housing Project in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-9, May.
    12. Sri Sumartiningsih & Setya Rahayu & Eko Handoyo & Jung-Charng Lin & Chin Leong Lim & Michal Starczewski & Philip X. Fuchs & Chia-Hua Kuo, 2022. "Systemic Lactate Elevation Induced by Tobacco Smoking during Rest and Exercise Is Not Associated with Nicotine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-8, March.
    13. Dominic Palazzolo & John M. Nelson & Zuri Hudson, 2019. "The Use of HPLC-PDA in Determining Nicotine and Nicotine-Related Alkaloids from E-Liquids: A Comparison of Five E-Liquid Brands Purchased Locally," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-13, August.
    14. Robyn M. Lucas & Rachael M. Rodney Harris, 2018. "On the Nature of Evidence and ‘Proving’ Causality: Smoking and Lung Cancer vs. Sun Exposure, Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, August.
    15. Hanna Mojska & Iwona Gielecińska & Edyta Jasińska-Melon & Joanna Winiarek & Włodzimierz Sawicki, 2020. "Are AAMA and GAMA Levels in Urine after Childbirth a Suitable Marker to Assess Exposure to Acrylamide from Passive Smoking during Pregnancy?—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Branislav Kolena & Ida Petrovičová & Miroslava Šidlovská & Henrieta Hlisníková & Lenka Bystričanová & Soňa Wimmerová & Tomáš Trnovec, 2020. "Occupational Hazards and Risks Associated with Phthalates among Slovakian Firefighters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, April.
    17. Adrianna Bella & Teguh Dartanto & Dimitri Swasthika Nurshadrina & Gita Kusnadi & Faizal Rahmanto Moeis & Renny Nurhasana & Aryana Satrya & Hasbullah Thabrany, 2023. "Do parental Smoking Behaviors Affect Children's Thinness, Stunting, and Overweight Status in Indonesia? Evidence from a Large-Scale Longitudinal Survey," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 714-726, September.
    18. Anna Maria Stabile & Alessandra Pistilli & Desirée Bartolini & Eleonora Angelucci & Marco Dell’Omo & Gabriele Di Sante & Mario Rende, 2022. "Short-Term Effects of Side-Stream Smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors TrKA and p75 NTR in a Group of Non-Smokers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-11, August.
    19. John M. Nelson & Giancarlo A. Cuadra & Dominic L. Palazzolo, 2019. "A Comparison of Flavorless Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and Conventional Cigarette Smoke on the Planktonic Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-22, December.
    20. María Barroso-Hurtado & Daniel Suárez-Castro & Carmela Martínez-Vispo & Elisardo Becoña & Ana López-Durán, 2021. "Smoking Cessation Apps: A Systematic Review of Format, Outcomes, and Features," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-18, November.
    21. Kamal Bagale & Ritwij Kulkarni, 2022. "A Systematic Review of the Literature Examining the Effects of Cigarette Smoke and e-Cigarette Vapor on the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-11, September.

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