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Association of Affiliate Stigma with Parenting Stress and Its Moderators among Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Author

Listed:
  • Pei-Yun Lin

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Jiun Chou

    (School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan)

  • Ray C. Hsiao

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98295, USA
    Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

  • Tai-Ling Liu

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Cheng-Fang Yen

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan)

Abstract

Caring for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (CADHD) is stressful for caregivers. Identifying factors related to parenting stress in caregivers of CADHD can facilitate the development of intervention programs. This study aimed to examine the associations between affiliate stigma and various domains of parenting stress among caregivers of CADHD. This study also analyzed the moderating effects of demographic characteristics and the symptoms of childhood ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) on the associations between affiliate stigma and parenting stress. In total, 213 caregivers of CADHD participated in this study. Parenting stress was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition Short Form (PSI-4-SF). Affiliate stigma was assessed using the Affiliate Stigma Scale. ADHD and ODD symptoms were assessed using the Parent Form of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale, Version IV. The results indicated that higher affiliate stigma was significantly associated with greater parenting stress in all three domains of the PSI-4-SF. ODD symptoms increased the magnitude of parenting stress in two domains of parenting stress among caregivers with affiliate stigma. Intervention programs for relieving parenting stress among caregivers of CADHD should take affiliate stigma and child ODD symptoms into consideration.

Suggested Citation

  • Pei-Yun Lin & Wen-Jiun Chou & Ray C. Hsiao & Tai-Ling Liu & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2023. "Association of Affiliate Stigma with Parenting Stress and Its Moderators among Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3192-:d:1065556
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chih-Cheng Chang & Yu-Min Chen & Tai-Ling Liu & Ray C. Hsiao & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Affiliate Stigma and Related Factors in Family Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Chih-Cheng Chang & Yu-Min Chen & Ray C. Hsiao & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Did Affiliate Stigma Predict Affective and Behavioral Outcomes in Caregivers and Their Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-10, July.
    3. Chih-Cheng Chang & Yu-Min Chen & Ray C. Hsiao & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Affiliate Stigma in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Roles of Stress-Coping Orientations and Parental Child-Rearing Styles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Yi-Ping Hsieh & Chia-Fen Wu & Wen-Jiun Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Multidimensional Correlates of Parental Self-Efficacy in Managing Adolescent Internet Use among Parents of Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Wen-Jiun Chou & Tai-Ling Liu & Ray C. Hsiao & Yu-Min Chen & Chih-Cheng Chang & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Application and Perceived Effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Intervention Strategies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Relationships with Affiliate Stigma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Wen-Jiun Chou & Tai-Ling Liu & Ray C. Hsiao & Yu-Min Chen & Chih-Cheng Chang & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Caregiver-Attributed Etiologies of Children’s Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Study in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-13, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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