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Effects of Home Confinement on the Intensity of Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Team Handball According to Country, Gender, Competition Level, and Playing Position: A Worldwide Study

Author

Listed:
  • Souhail Hermassi

    (Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar)

  • El Ghali Bouhafs

    (Department of Sports Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany)

  • Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

    (Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, 16132 Genoa, Italy)

  • Shiro Ichimura

    (Department of Global Fire Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan)

  • Khaled E. Alsharji

    (Department of Physical Education & Sport, College of Basic Education, Al-Ardiya 92400, Kuwait)

  • Lawrence D. Hayes

    (School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK)

  • René Schwesig

    (Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany)

Abstract

This study investigated effects of home confinement on physical activity (PA) in Team Handball during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 1359 handball players participated (age: 23 ± 6 years). Participants from Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa answered an online version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) considering “before” and “during” confinement. COVID-19 home confinement has had a negative effect on PA (vigorous, moderate, walking, and overall). The largest decrease was in the sum parameter “all PA” (MET (metabolic equivalent of task)-min/week, η p 2 = 0.903; min/week, η p 2 = 0.861). Daily sitting time increased from 2.7 to 5.0 h per weekday ( p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.669). For gender, continent, country, level of handball league, and playing position, no significant differences (group and interaction effects) were observed. The largest change in PA behavior was in walking (minutes per day: η p 2 = 0.755), with males displaying the greatest decrease (from 62 ± 11 to 30 ± 14 min per weekday; d = 2.67). In terms of magnitude, difference between genders was greatest for sitting time (difference in d = 1.20). In conclusion, while COVID-19 measures were essential to preserve public health, PA was compromised and sedentary behavior increased because of these public health measures regardless of gender, playing position, and competition level.

Suggested Citation

  • Souhail Hermassi & El Ghali Bouhafs & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi & Shiro Ichimura & Khaled E. Alsharji & Lawrence D. Hayes & René Schwesig, 2021. "Effects of Home Confinement on the Intensity of Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Team Handball According to Country, Gender, Competition Level, and Playing Position: A Worldwide Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4050-:d:534542
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Remigiusz Dróżdż & Marcin Pasek & Magdalena Zając & Mirosława Szark-Eckardt, 2022. "Physical Culture and Sports as an Educational Basis of Students’ Healthy Physical Activities during and Post-Lockdown COVID-19 Restrictions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-11, September.
    3. Jorge Lorenzo Calvo & Miriam Granado-Peinado & Alfonso de la Rubia & Diego Muriarte & Alberto Lorenzo & Daniel Mon-López, 2021. "Psychological States and Training Habits during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Spanish Basketball Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Junko Okuyama & Shin-Ichi Izumi & Shunichi Funakoshi & Shuji Seto & Hiroyuki Sasaki & Kiyoshi Ito & Fumihiko Imamura & Mayumi Willgerodt & Yu Fukuda, 2022. "Supporting adolescents’ mental health during COVID-19 by utilising lessons from the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Issei Ogasawara & Shigeto Hamaguchi & Ryosuke Hasegawa & Yukihiro Akeda & Naoki Ota & Gajanan S. Revankar & Shoji Konda & Takashi Taguchi & Toshiya Takanouchi & Kojiro Imoto & Nobukazu Okimoto & Katsu, 2021. "Successful Reboot of High-Performance Sporting Activities by Japanese National Women’s Handball Team in Tokyo, 2020 during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Initiative Using the Japan Sports–Cyber Physical Sy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-16, September.

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