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The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players

Author

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  • Daniel Mon-López

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF - Sports Department), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alfonso de la Rubia Riaza

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF - Sports Department), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Mónica Hontoria Galán

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF - Sports Department), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ignacio Refoyo Roman

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF - Sports Department), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The spread of COVID-19 has altered sport in Spain, forcing athletes to train at home. The objectives of the study were: (i) to compare training and recovery conditions before and during the isolation period in handball players according to gender and competitive level, and (ii) to analyse the impact of psychological factors during the isolation period. A total of 187 participants (66 women and 121 men) answered a Google Forms questionnaire about demographics, training, moods, emotional intelligence, and resilience sent using the snowball sampling technique. T -test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare sport level and gender differences. Linear regressions were used to analyse the psychological influence on training. Handball players reduced training intensity (in the whole sample; p = 0.44), training volume (especially in professional female handball players; p < 0.001), and sleep quality (especially in professional male handball players; p = 0.21) and increased sleep hours (especially in non-professional female players; p = 0.006) during the isolation period. Furthermore, psychological factors affected all evaluated training and recovery conditions during the quarantine, except for sleep quantity. Mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience have an influence on physical activity levels and recovery conditions. In addition, training components were modified under isolation conditions at p < 0.001. We conclude that the COVID-19 isolation period caused reductions in training volume and intensity and decreased sleep quality. Furthermore, psychological components have a significant impact on training and recovery conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Mon-López & Alfonso de la Rubia Riaza & Mónica Hontoria Galán & Ignacio Refoyo Roman, 2020. "The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6471-:d:409406
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    4. Jorge Lorenzo Calvo & Miriam Granado-Peinado & Alfonso de la Rubia & Diego Muriarte & Alberto Lorenzo & Daniel Mon-López, 2021. "Psychological States and Training Habits during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Spanish Basketball Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Abraham Batalla-Gavalda & Pau Cecilia-Gallego & Fernando Revillas-Ortega & Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido, 2021. "Variations in the Mood States during the Different Phases of COVID-19’s Lockdown in Young Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-9, September.
    6. José Manuel Prieto-Fresco & Daniel Medina-Rebollo & Jesús Fernández-Gavira & Antonio Muñoz-Llerena, 2022. "A Study on the Injury Rate of Spanish Competitive Athletes as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    7. Jad Adrian Washif & Achraf Ammar & Khaled Trabelsi & Karim Chamari & Christabelle Sheau Miin Chong & Siti Fuzyma Ayu Mohd Kassim & Philip Chun Foong Lew & Abdulaziz Farooq & David B. Pyne & Carl James, 2021. "Regression Analysis of Perceived Stress among Elite Athletes from Changes in Diet, Routine and Well-Being: Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown and “Bubble” Training Camps," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Armando Monterrosa Quintero & Ana Rita Echeverri Rios & Juan Pedro Fuentes-Garcia & Juan Carlos Gonzalez Sanchez, 2022. "Levels of Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Non-Athletes and Martial Art Athletes during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, March.
    9. Anders Håkansson & Karin Moesch & Caroline Jönsson & Göran Kenttä, 2020. "Potentially Prolonged Psychological Distress from Postponed Olympic and Paralympic Games during COVID-19—Career Uncertainty in Elite Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-9, December.
    10. Souhail Hermassi & El Ghali Bouhafs & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi & Shiro Ichimura & Khaled E. Alsharji & Lawrence D. Hayes & René Schwesig, 2021. "Effects of Home Confinement on the Intensity of Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Team Handball According to Country, Gender, Competition Level, and Playing Position: A Worldwide Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-21, April.
    11. Emese Csulak & Árpád Petrov & Tímea Kováts & Márton Tokodi & Bálint Lakatos & Attila Kovács & Levente Staub & Ferenc Imre Suhai & Erzsébet Liliána Szabó & Zsófia Dohy & Hajnalka Vágó & Dávid Becker & , 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Preparation for the Tokyo Olympics: A Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Top Swimmers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.

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