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Mental Health, Greenness, and Nature Related Behaviors in the Adult Population of Stockholm County during COVID-19-Related Restrictions

Author

Listed:
  • Mare Lõhmus

    (Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Cecilia U. D. Stenfors

    (Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
    Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Tomas Lind

    (Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • André Lauber

    (Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Antonios Georgelis

    (Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

International data suggest that exposure to nature is beneficial for mental health and well-being. The restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have created a setting that allows us to investigate the importance of greenness exposure on mental health during a period of increased isolation and worry. Based on 2060 responses from an online survey in Stockholm County, Sweden, we investigated: (1) whether the COVID-19 pandemic changed peoples’ lifestyle and nature-related habits, and (2) if peoples’ mental health differed depending on their exposure to greenness. Neighborhood greenness levels were quantified by using the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within 50 m, 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers surrounding the participant’s place of residence. We found that the number of individuals that reported that they visited natural areas “often” was significantly higher during the pandemic than before the pandemic. Higher levels of greenness surrounding one’s location of residence were in general associated with higher mental health/well-being and vitality scores, and less symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived and cognitive stress, after adjustments for demographic variables and walkability. In conclusion, the results from the present study provided support to the suggestion that contact with nature may be important for mental health in extreme circumstances.

Suggested Citation

  • Mare Lõhmus & Cecilia U. D. Stenfors & Tomas Lind & André Lauber & Antonios Georgelis, 2021. "Mental Health, Greenness, and Nature Related Behaviors in the Adult Population of Stockholm County during COVID-19-Related Restrictions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:3303-:d:522325
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. James McGinlay & Jens Holtvoeth & Alfie Begley & Juliana Dörstel & Anne Kockelmann & Michael Lammertz & Chrysovalantis Malesios & Nikoleta Jones, 2023. "Perceived Social Impacts of Protected Areas, Their Influence on Local Public Support and Their Distribution across Social Groups: Evidence from the Eifel National Park, Germany, during the COVID-19 Pa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Carly E. Gray & Peter H. Kahn & Joshua J. Lawler & Pooja S. Tandon & Gregory N. Bratman & Sara P. Perrins & Yian Lin & Frances Boyens, 2023. "Time Spent Interacting with Nature Is Associated with Greater Well-Being for Girl Scouts Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, June.
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    5. Anna Domaradzka & Mikołaj Biesaga & Ewa Domaradzka & Magdalena Kołodziejczyk, 2022. "The Civil City Framework for the Implementation of Nature-Based Smart Innovations: Right to a Healthy City Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-20, August.

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