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Fuzzy Optimization for the Remediation of Ammonia: A Case Study Based on Electrochemical Oxidation

Author

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  • Angelo Earvin Sy Choi

    (Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines)

  • Benny Marie B. Ensano

    (University Core Research Center for Disaster-free and Safe Ocean City Construction, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea)

  • Jurng-Jae Yee

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea)

Abstract

This case study covers the application of the fuzzy optimization in simultaneously satisfying various constraints that include the compliance of ammonia and nitrate concentrations with stringent environmental standards. Essential components in the multi-criteria decision-making analysis is in the utilization of the Box-Behnken design (BBD) response equations, cost equations and the cumulative uncertainty of response towards the sodium chloride dosage, current density and electrolysis time parameters. The energy consumption in the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia plays an essential role in influencing the total operating cost analysis. The determination of boundary limits based on the global optimum resulted in the complete ammonia removal and USD 64.0 operating cost as its maximum boundary limits and the 40.6% ammonia removal and USD 17.1 as its minimum boundary limits. Based on the fuzzy optimal results, the overall satisfaction level incurred a decrease in adhering with a lower ammonia standard concentration (10 mg/L at 80.3% vs. 1.9 mg/L at 76.1%) due to a higher energy consumption requirement. Global optimal fuzzy results showed to be highly cost efficient (232.5% lower) as compared to using BBD alone. This demonstrates the practicality of fuzzy optimization applications in the electrochemical reactions.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelo Earvin Sy Choi & Benny Marie B. Ensano & Jurng-Jae Yee, 2021. "Fuzzy Optimization for the Remediation of Ammonia: A Case Study Based on Electrochemical Oxidation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:2986-:d:516800
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Jiachao Yao & Yu Mei & Guanghua Xia & Yin Lu & Dongmei Xu & Nabo Sun & Jiade Wang & Jun Chen, 2019. "Process Optimization of Electrochemical Oxidation of Ammonia to Nitrogen for Actual Dyeing Wastewater Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-13, August.
    3. Mary H. Ward & Rena R. Jones & Jean D. Brender & Theo M. De Kok & Peter J. Weyer & Bernard T. Nolan & Cristina M. Villanueva & Simone G. Van Breda, 2018. "Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, July.
    4. Lim, Sungmook & Zhu, Joe, 2013. "Integrated data envelopment analysis: Global vs. local optimum," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 229(1), pages 276-278.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hongyou Wan & Ruifeng Wang & Beibei Wang & Kehao Zhang & Huanhuan Shi & Hailong Wang, 2022. "A Case Study of Swine Wastewater Treatment via Electrochemical Oxidation by Ti 4 O 7 Anode," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-11, October.

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