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Relationships between Socioeconomic Status, Handgrip Strength, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle-Aged Adults

Author

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  • Jinkyung Cho

    (Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
    Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Korea)

  • Inhwan Lee

    (Department of Sports Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

  • Dong-Ho Park

    (Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
    Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea)

  • Hyo-Bum Kwak

    (Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
    Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea)

  • Kisuk Min

    (Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA)

Abstract

Although low socioeconomic status (SES) and decreased muscle strength have been found to be associated with the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, the associations among SES, muscle strength, and NAFLD are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of SES and relative handgrip strength (HGS) on the risk of NAFLD in middle-aged adults. Data from 5272 middle-aged adults who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) from 2014–2018 were analyzed. NAFLD was defined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) > 36 and the comprehensive NAFLD score (CNS) ≥ 40 in the absence of other causes of liver disease. SES was based on a self-reported questionnaire. Overall, individuals with low SES (odds ratio (OR) = 1.703, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.424–2.037, p < 0.001) or low HGS (OR = 12.161, 95% CI: 9.548–15.488, p < 0.001) had a significantly higher risk of NAFLD. The joint association analysis showed that a low SES combined with a low HGS (OR = 2.479, 95% CI: 1.351–4.549, p = 0.003) further significantly increased the risk of NAFLD when adjusted for all the covariates, compared with individuals with a high SES and a high HGS (OR = 1). The current findings suggest that both low SES and low HGS were independently and synergistically associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in middle-aged Korean adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinkyung Cho & Inhwan Lee & Dong-Ho Park & Hyo-Bum Kwak & Kisuk Min, 2021. "Relationships between Socioeconomic Status, Handgrip Strength, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle-Aged Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1892-:d:500126
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jian Wang & Liuna Geng, 2019. "Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Physical and Psychological Health: Lifestyle as a Mediator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-9, January.
    2. Liliya Leopold & Henriette Engelhardt, 2013. "Erratum to: Education and physical health trajectories in old age. Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(2), pages 329-329, April.
    3. Liliya Leopold & Henriette Engelhartdt, 2013. "Education and physical health trajectories in old age. Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(1), pages 23-31, February.
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    1. Sung-Bum Lee & Yu-Jin Kwon & Dong-Hyuk Jung & Jong-Koo Kim, 2022. "Association of Muscle Strength with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-10, February.
    2. Lina Wang & Jing Zhang & Yali Liu & Huixuan Zhou & Wenjing Yan & Hong Ren, 2022. "The Relationship between Health-Related Fitness and Quality of Life in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-12, October.

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