IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i21p11340-d667062.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effects of Integrated Step Training into the Physical Education Curriculum of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Author

Listed:
  • Pei-Fung Wu

    (Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Wei Chang

    (Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan
    Kaohsiung Municipal Nanzih Special School, Kaohsiung 811622, Taiwan)

  • Tai-Been Chen

    (Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan)

  • Li-Ching Chang

    (School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan)

Abstract

(1) Background: This study investigated the changes in step frequency, walking ability, and standing posture of students with intellectual disabilities by integrating step training into the students’ physical education curriculum; (2) Methods: The centroid formula was used to estimate the geometric center of the students’ bodies in video footage of each participant. Each participant’s stepping frequency per minute was recorded. After training, the teachers involved were interviewed regarding the participants’ everyday activities in school. Each step training session was recorded by two video cameras. Each step training session was observed and photographed by a senior physical education teacher with special education qualifications; (3) Results: The step training increased the stability of the participants’ body axes. The participants’ average steps per minute of the participants significantly improved from 24.200 ± 7.554 to 28.700 ± 8.629. Additionally, despite the students exhibiting anxious behavior (e.g., squeezing their hands and grasping at their clothes) at baseline, the frequency of these behaviors decreased significantly from week 4. Overall, the students’ daily activities, motivation, interpersonal interaction, self-confidence, and anxiety behaviors improved; (4) Conclusions: After the 8-week step program, the participants with intellectual disabilities improved their step frequency, movement stability, ability to perform daily activities, walking speed, motivation, interpersonal interaction, and self-confidence, and they exhibited a lower level of anxiety-related behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Pei-Fung Wu & Yu-Wei Chang & Tai-Been Chen & Li-Ching Chang, 2021. "The Effects of Integrated Step Training into the Physical Education Curriculum of Children with Intellectual Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11340-:d:667062
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11340/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11340/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kelly Hsieh & Thessa I. M. Hilgenkamp & Sumithra Murthy & Tamar Heller & James H. Rimmer, 2017. "Low Levels of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Félix Zurita-Ortega & José Luis Ubago-Jiménez & Pilar Puertas-Molero & Irwin Andrés Ramírez-Granizo & José Joaquín Muros & Gabriel González-Valero, 2020. "Effects of an Alternative Sports Program Using Kin-Ball in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Cornelia Geukes & Janine Bröder & Änne-Dörte Latteck, 2019. "Health Literacy and People with Intellectual Disabilities: What We Know, What We Do Not Know, and What We Need: A Theoretical Discourse," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-11, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Po-Jen Hsu & Hung-Ling Yeh & Chia-Liang Tsai & Chia-Hua Chu & Fu-Chen Chen & Chien-Yu Pan, 2021. "Effects of a Floor Hockey Intervention on Motor Proficiency, Physical Fitness, and Adaptive Development in Youths with Mild Intellectual Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Änne-Dörte Latteck & Dirk Bruland, 2020. "Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Health Literacy: Lessons Learned from Three Participative Projects for Future Initiatives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Alyt Oppewal & Thessa I. M. Hilgenkamp & Liselotte Schäfer Elinder & Ellen Freiberger & Pauli Rintala & Myriam Guerra-Balic & Maria Giné-Garriga & Antonio Cuesta-Vargas & Guillermo R. Oviedo & Oriol S, 2018. "Correlates of Sedentary Behaviour in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities—A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Julie S. Armin & Heather J. Williamson & Andria Begay & Jennifer Etcitty & Agnes Attakai & Kim Russell & Julie A. Baldwin, 2022. "Adapting a Cancer Screening Education Program for Native American Women with Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, July.
    5. Selina Khoo & Payam Ansari & Jacob John & Mark Brooke, 2022. "The Top 50 Most Cited Articles on Special Olympics: A Bibliometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-12, August.
    6. Timo Dins & Caren Keeley, 2022. "Recognising Basic Health Literacy Capabilities: An Explorative Study on the Relevance of Health-Related Information in the Support of People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-26, December.
    7. Zhaowei Kong & Tat-Ming Sze & Jane Jie Yu & Paul D. Loprinzi & Tao Xiao & Albert S. Yeung & Chunxiao Li & Hua Zhang & Liye Zou, 2019. "Tai Chi as an Alternative Exercise to Improve Physical Fitness for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, March.
    8. Brooks C. Wingo & James H. Rimmer, 2018. "Emerging Trends in Health Promotion for People with Disabilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-2, April.
    9. Olga Calle & Antonio Antúnez & Sergio José Ibáñez & Sebastián Feu, 2023. "Pedagogical Models in Alternative Invasion Team Sports: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-24, September.
    10. John Cooper Coats & Matthew Coxon & Viviene A. Temple & Cara Butler & Lynneth Stuart-Hill, 2023. "Examining the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-12, July.
    11. María-Jesús Lirola & Gerardo Ruiz-Rico & Antonia-Irene Hernández-Rodríguez & María-Esther Prados-Megías, 2020. "Body Expression-Based Intervention Programs for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-13, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11340-:d:667062. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.