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Regional Differences in Disability Incidence among Japanese Adults Aged 75 Years and Older: A 4-Year Prospective Cohort Study

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  • Daisuke Matsumoto

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
    Health Promotion Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan)

  • Katsuhiko Takatori

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
    Health Promotion Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan)

Abstract

The present prospective study investigated the regional differences and trajectories of new-onset disabilities among older adults in the districts within a city in Japan. We analyzed data from 5050 Japanese residents aged ≥75 years old (men/women: 2512/2538) who completed the Kihon Checklist (a self-reported questionnaire on frailty) and a questionnaire on medical history and social capital in Ikoma city in 2015. The incidence of disability was determined using the new certification of long-term care insurance and was followed-up on 4 years after the primary outcome. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the factors related to the risk of incident disability. During the 4-year follow-up period, 567 participants (11.2%) were newly certified to have a disability. The disability incidence rate ranged from 8.1% to 14.6%, depending on the district. After adjustment for the covariates of: older, women, stroke, prefrail, frail, participation in multiple social activities (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56–0.91), and one of the districts (HR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.06–2.61) were significantly associated with disability incidence. The findings of this longitudinal study suggest that there could be a regional difference in disability incidence among older adults in Japan. Thus, community-based approaches should be designed to prevent disability in older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Daisuke Matsumoto & Katsuhiko Takatori, 2021. "Regional Differences in Disability Incidence among Japanese Adults Aged 75 Years and Older: A 4-Year Prospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:6791-:d:581523
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Minoru Yamada & Hidenori Arai, 2017. "Self-Management Group Exercise Extends Healthy Life Expectancy in Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-8, May.
    2. Prasad, Amit & Kano, Megumi & Dagg, Kendra Ann-Masako & Mori, Hanako & Senkoro, Hawa Hamisi & Ardakani, Mohammad Assai & Elfeky, Samar & Good, Suvajee & Engelhardt, Katrin & Ross, Alex & Armada, Franc, 2015. "Prioritizing action on health inequities in cities: An evaluation of Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) in 15 cities from Asia and Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 237-242.
    3. Sato, Koryu & Ikeda, Takaaki & Watanabe, Ryota & Kondo, Naoki & Kawachi, Ichiro & Kondo, Katsunori, 2020. "Intensity of community-based programs by long-term care insurers and the likelihood of frailty: Multilevel analysis of older Japanese adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
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