IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i17p6268-d405400.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Health Behavior Changes During COVID-19 Pandemic and Subsequent “Stay-at-Home” Orders

Author

Listed:
  • Gregory Knell

    (Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Dallas, TX 75390, USA
    Children’s Health Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Plano, TX 75024, USA)

  • Michael C. Robertson

    (Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Erin E. Dooley

    (Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA)

  • Katie Burford

    (Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, TX 78701, USA)

  • Karla S. Mendez

    (Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, and resultant “Stay-at-Home” orders, may have impacted adults’ positive health behaviors (sleep, physical activity) and negative health behaviors (alcohol consumption, drug use, and tobacco use). The purpose of this study was to investigate how these health behaviors changed (increased/improved or decreased/worsened) at the early stages of the pandemic, what participant characteristics were associated with health behavior changes, and why these behavioral changes may have occurred. A convenience sample of 1809 adults residing in the United States completed a 15-min self-report questionnaire in April and May 2020. Multinomial logistic regressions and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate how, for whom, and why these health behaviors changed. Participants were primarily female (67.4%), aged 35–49 years (39.8%), college graduates (83.3%), non-tobacco users (74.7%), and had previously used marijuana (48.6%). Overall, participants primarily reported a decrease in physical activity, while sleep and all of the negative health behaviors remained the same. Changes in negative health behaviors were related ( p < 0.05) to sex, age, parental status, educational status, job status, BMI, and depression scores. Changes in positive health behaviors were related ( p < 0.05) to sex, parental status, job status, and depression scores. Having more time available during the pandemic was the most commonly cited reason for changing health behaviors (negative and positive). Public health efforts should address the potential for long-term health consequences due to behavior change during COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Gregory Knell & Michael C. Robertson & Erin E. Dooley & Katie Burford & Karla S. Mendez, 2020. "Health Behavior Changes During COVID-19 Pandemic and Subsequent “Stay-at-Home” Orders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6268-:d:405400
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6268/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/17/6268/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Robert Stanton & Quyen G. To & Saman Khalesi & Susan L. Williams & Stephanie J. Alley & Tanya L. Thwaite & Andrew S. Fenning & Corneel Vandelanotte, 2020. "Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, June.
    3. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, J. & Molina, Jose Alberto & Velilla, Jorge, 2018. "The commuting behavior of workers in the United States: Differences between the employed and the self-employed," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 19-29.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Heide Busse & Christoph Buck & Christiane Stock & Hajo Zeeb & Claudia R. Pischke & Paula Mayara Matos Fialho & Claus Wendt & Stefanie Maria Helmer, 2021. "Engagement in Health Risk Behaviours before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in German University Students: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Melanie Koeger & Hannah Schillok & Stephan Voss & Michaela Coenen & Christina Merkel & Caroline Jung-Sievers & On behalf of the COSMO Study Team, 2022. "Alcohol Use of German Adults during Different Pandemic Phases: Repeated Cross-Sectional Analyses in the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Merili Tamson & Rainer Reile & Diana Sokurova & Kaire Innos & Eha Nurk & Kaia Laidra & Sigrid Vorobjov, 2022. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Socio-Demographic and Behavioural Correlates during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Estonia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, July.
    4. Theresa Maertl & Freia De Bock & Lena Huebl & Cornelia Oberhauser & Michaela Coenen & Caroline Jung-Sievers & on behalf of the COSMO Study Team, 2021. "Physical Activity during COVID-19 in German Adults: Analyses in the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Pnina Marom & Beth G. Zalcman & Rachel Dankner, 2022. "Association between Self-Classification of COVID-19 Risk Levels and Adverse Lifestyle Changes among Physically Active Older Adults Following the Coronavirus Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-14, June.
    6. Teresa O’Rourke & Rachel Dale & Elke Humer & Thomas Probst & Paul Plener & Christoph Pieh, 2022. "Health Behaviors in Austrian Apprentices and School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-9, January.
    7. Nasreen Moursi & Marian Tanofsky-Kraff & Megan Parker & Lucy Loch & Bess Bloomer & Jennifer Te-Vazquez & Ejike Nwosu & Julia Lazareva & Shanna B. Yang & Sara Turner & Sheila Brady & Jack Yanovski, 2023. "Changes in Food Consumption, BMI, and Body Composition in Youth in the US during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(18), pages 1-12, September.
    8. Ahmed M. Wafi & Amani A. Mosleh & Amani A. Mutaen & Dalal F. Hakami & Rawdah A. Baeshen & Shahad A. Rajhi & Joud M. Alamri & Ahmad Y. Alqassim, 2022. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Maintaining Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Medical Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-11, November.
    9. Lilian Krist & Christina Dornquast & Thomas Reinhold & Katja Icke & Ina Danquah & Stefan N. Willich & Heiko Becher & Thomas Keil, 2021. "Predictors of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Turkish Migrant Cohort in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-13, September.
    10. Rachel L. Knight & Melitta A. McNarry & Liba Sheeran & Adam W. Runacres & Rhys Thatcher & James Shelley & Kelly A. Mackintosh, 2021. "Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19—An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-19, October.
    11. Hélène Charreire & Charlotte Verdot & Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi & Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy & Bernard Srour & Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo & Younes Esseddik & Benjamin Allès & Julia Baudry & Valérie Descha, 2022. "Correlates of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown in France: The NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-17, September.
    12. Mary Amoako & Felicity Amoah-Agyei & Gideon Okyere Mensah & Chen Du & Selin Sergin & Jenifer I. Fenton & Robin M. Tucker, 2022. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Behaviors of Higher Education Students in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-12, December.
    13. Hassad de Andrade, Liz & Moreira Antunes, Jorge Junio & Araújo de Medeiros, Antônio Mamede & Wanke, Peter & Nunes, Bernardo Pereira, 2022. "The impact of social welfare and COVID-19 stringency on the perceived utility of food apps: A hybrid MCDM approach," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PB).
    14. Vojko Vučković & Klemen Krejač & Tanja Kajtna, 2022. "Exercise Motives of College Students after the COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-11, June.
    15. Coilín ÓhAiseadha & Gerry A. Quinn & Ronan Connolly & Awwad Wilson & Michael Connolly & Willie Soon & Paul Hynds, 2023. "Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) for Population Health and Health Inequalities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-40, March.
    16. Porismita Borah & Kyle Lorenzano & Anastasia Vishnevskaya & Erica Austin, 2022. "Conservative Media Use and COVID-19 Related Behavior: The Moderating Role of Media Literacy Variables," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Joanna Baj-Korpak & Kamil Zaworski & Ewa Szymczuk & Andrei Shpakou, 2022. "Physical Activity and Mental Health of Medical Students from Poland and Belarus-Countries with Different Restrictive Approaches during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Ilaria Cataldo & Dora Novotny & Alessandro Carollo & Gianluca Esposito, 2023. "Mental Health in the Post-Lockdown Scenario: A Scientometric Investigation of the Main Thematic Trends of Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-21, July.
    3. Qin Hu & Maki Umeda, 2021. "Stress, Anxiety, and Depression for Chinese Residents in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-10, May.
    4. Isidora Vujčić & Teodora Safiye & Bojana Milikić & Emina Popović & Draško Dubljanin & Eleonora Dubljanin & Jakša Dubljanin & Milanko Čabarkapa, 2021. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic and Mental Health Status in the General Adult Population of Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Alejandro Salazar & Jenifer Palomo-Osuna & Helena de Sola & Jose A. Moral-Munoz & María Dueñas & Inmaculada Failde, 2021. "Psychological Impact of the Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in University Workers: Factors Related to Stress, Anxiety, and Depression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-16, April.
    6. Yeji Yang & Eunbin Ro & Taek-Joo Lee & Byung-Chul An & Kwang-Pyo Hong & Ho-Jun Yun & Eun-Yeong Park & Hye-Ryeong Cho & Suk-Young Yun & Miok Park & Young-Jo Yun & Ai-Ran Lee & Jeong-Ill Jeon & Songhie , 2022. "The Multi-Sites Trial on the Effects of Therapeutic Gardening on Mental Health and Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, June.
    7. Peng-Wei Wang & Nai-Ying Ko & Yu-Ping Chang & Chia-Fen Wu & Wei-Hsin Lu & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-18, September.
    8. Michal Alon-Tirosh & Dorit Hadar-Shoval & Kfir Asraf & Lubna Tannous-Haddad & Orna Tzischinsky, 2021. "The Association between Lifestyle Changes and Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown: The Moderating Role of COVID-Related Stressors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    9. Ana Lear-Claveras & Beatriz González-Álvarez & Sabela Couso-Viana & Ana Clavería & Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez, 2022. "Analysis of Clinical Parameters, Drug Consumption and Use of Health Resources in a Southern European Population with Alcohol Abuse Disorder during COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, January.
    10. Huan Yang & Qingyun Zhao & Zhengkai Zhang & Wenxiao Jia, 2022. "Associations between Lifestyle Changes, Risk Perception and Anxiety during COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Case Study in Xi’an," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-13, October.
    11. Hilal Altundal Duru & Serpil Yılmaz & Zeliha Yaman & Münevver Boğahan & Mualla Yılmaz, 2023. "Individuals’ Coping Styles and Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(1), pages 21582440221, January.
    12. J. Pierre Zila-Velasque & Pamela Grados-Espinoza & Naomi Coba-Villan & Jocelyn Quispe-Chamorro & Yesenia F. Taipe-Guillén & Estefany Pacheco & Laura Ccasa-Valero & Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas & Cristian , 2022. "Mental Disorders and Level of Resilience in Eight High-Altitude Cities of Peru during the Second Pandemic Wave: A Multicenter Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-19, December.
    13. Hee-Kyung Kim, 2022. "In the COVID-19 Era, Effects of Job Stress, Coping Strategies, Meaning in Life and Resilience on Psychological Well-Being of Women Workers in the Service Sector," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-15, August.
    14. Isabel Mercader Rubio & Pilar Sánchez-López & Nieves Gutiérrez Ángel & Nieves Fátima Oropesa Ruiz, 2022. "Psychological Consequences of Fear of COVID-19: Symptom Analysis of Triggered Anxiety and Depression Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-8, October.
    15. S. Brent Jackson & Kathryn T. Stevenson & Lincoln R. Larson & M. Nils Peterson & Erin Seekamp, 2021. "Outdoor Activity Participation Improves Adolescents’ Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, March.
    16. Piotr Długosz & Damian Liszka & Anastasiia Bastrakova & Luydmila Yuzva, 2022. "Health Problems of Students during Distance Learning in Central and Eastern Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study of Poland and Ukraine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-16, August.
    17. Artem Kashtanov & Ekaterina Molotok & Andrey Yavorovskiy & Alexander Boyarkov & Yuriy Vasil’ev & Ali Alsaegh & Sergey Dydykin & Olesya Kytko & Renata Meylanova & Yulianna Enina & Vasiliy Troitskiy & M, 2022. "A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Psycho-Emotional State of Intensive Care Units’ Physicians and Nurses of COVID-19 Hospitals of a Russian Metropolis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-22, February.
    18. Federica Bianco & Annalisa Levante & Serena Petrocchi & Flavia Lecciso & Ilaria Castelli, 2021. "Maternal Psychological Distress and Children’s Internalizing/Externalizing Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role Played by Hypermentalization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-15, October.
    19. Yuta Suzuki & Noriaki Maeda & Daigo Hirado & Taizan Shirakawa & Yukio Urabe, 2020. "Physical Activity Changes and Its Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults during the COVID-19 Epidemic: Associations with Subjective Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    20. Jing Guo & Xing Lin Feng & Xiao Hua Wang & Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, 2020. "Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-18, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6268-:d:405400. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.