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Effects of Different Types of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Yield, and Water Consumption of Paddy Fields in Cold Region of China

Author

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  • Tangzhe Nie

    (School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resource Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China)

  • Peng Chen

    (School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resource Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China)

  • Zhongxue Zhang

    (School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resource Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China)

  • Zhijuan Qi

    (School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resource Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China)

  • Yanyu Lin

    (College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China)

  • Dan Xu

    (School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resource Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China)

Abstract

Water management and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are the two main driving factors of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, two irrigation modes, controlled irrigation (CI) and flood irrigation (FI), and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0: 0, N1: 85, N2: 110, and N3: 135 kg·hm −2 ) were set to study the effect of different irrigation modes and N fertilizer amount on greenhouse-gas emissions of paddy fields in cold region by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method; yield and water consumption were also analyzed. The results showed that, compared with FI, CI significantly reduced CH 4 emissions by 19.42~46.94%, but increased N 2 O emissions by 5.66~11.85%. Under the two irrigation modes, N fertilizers could significantly increase N 2 O emissions, but the CH 4 emissions of each N treatment showed few differences. Compared with FI, appropriate N application under CI could significantly increase grain number per spike, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight, thus increasing yield. Under the two irrigation modes, water consumption increased with the increase of N application rate, and the total water consumption of CI was significantly lower than that of FI. The global warming potential (GWP) of CI was significantly smaller than that of FI. The trend of GWP in each treatment was similar to that of CH 4 . Through comprehensive comparison and analysis of water productivity (WP), gas emission intensity (GHGI), and the yield of each treatment, we found that CI+N2 treatment had the highest WP (2.05 kg·m −3 ) and lowest GHGI (0.37 kg CO 2 -eq·kg −1 ), while maintaining high yield (10,224.4 kg·hm −2 ). The results of this study provide an important basis for guiding high yield, water-savings, and emission reduction of paddy fields in cold regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Tangzhe Nie & Peng Chen & Zhongxue Zhang & Zhijuan Qi & Yanyu Lin & Dan Xu, 2019. "Effects of Different Types of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Yield, and Water Consumption of Paddy Fields in Cold Region of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:9:p:1639-:d:230129
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tangzhe Nie & Zhongxue Zhang & Zhijuan Qi & Peng Chen & Zhongyi Sun & Xingchao Liu, 2019. "Characterizing Spatiotemporal Dynamics of CH 4 Fluxes from Rice Paddies of Cold Region in Heilongjiang Province under Climate Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Joshua Schimel, 2000. "Rice, microbes and methane," Nature, Nature, vol. 403(6768), pages 375-377, January.
    3. Liang, Kaiming & Zhong, Xuhua & Huang, Nongrong & Lampayan, Rubenito M. & Pan, Junfeng & Tian, Ka & Liu, Yanzhuo, 2016. "Grain yield, water productivity and CH4 emission of irrigated rice in response to water management in south China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 319-331.
    4. Peng Zhang & Guojin Qin & Yihuan Wang, 2019. "Risk Assessment System for Oil and Gas Pipelines Laid in One Ditch Based on Quantitative Risk Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-21, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jianyi Huang & Tangzhe Nie & Tiecheng Li & Peng Chen & Zhongxue Zhang & Shijiang Zhu & Zhongyi Sun & Lihua E, 2022. "Effects of Straw Incorporation Years and Water-Saving Irrigation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Paddy Fields in Cold Region of Northeast China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Han, Yu & Zhang, Zhongxue & Li, Tiecheng & Chen, Peng & Nie, Tangzhe & Zhang, Zuohe & Du, Sicheng, 2023. "Straw return alleviates the greenhouse effect of paddy fields by increasing soil organic carbon sequestration under water-saving irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    3. Xiangwen Wu & Shuying Zang & Dalong Ma & Jianhua Ren & Qiang Chen & Xingfeng Dong, 2019. "Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O Fluxes from Forest Soil in Permafrost Region of Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-14, August.
    4. Ajay Philip & Rahul R. Marathe, 2022. "A New Green Labeling Scheme for Agri-Food Supply Chains: Equilibrium and Information Sharing under Uncertainties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-34, November.

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