IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i3p389-d201917.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigation and Source Apportionment of Air Pollutants in a Large Oceangoing Ship during Voyage

Author

Listed:
  • Qiang Wang

    (Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China)

  • Daizhi An

    (Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China)

  • Rubao Sun

    (Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China)

  • Mingxing Su

    (Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine compartmental air pollution during navigation of a large oceangoing ship and to identify preliminarily the major pollution sources. During the voyage of a bulk carrier ship, air samples were collected at 18 selected sites using a stratified sampling method. The concentrations of 15 pollutants were determined using gas chromatography. Results showed the concentrations of these pollutants varied significantly among the sampling sites, indicating major pollution sources at or nearby those locations. Five common factors extracted using factor analysis explained 89.092% of the total variance. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed the contributions to air pollution of these five common factors, i.e., the volatilization of ship paint, volatilization of ship-based oil, cooking activities, high-temperature release of rubber components on the ship and daily use of chemical products, and the application of deodorant and insecticide, were 41.07%, 25.14%, 14.37%, 11.78%, and 7.63%, respectively. Three significant groups were determined using cluster analysis based on their similarity, i.e., high, medium, and low pollution of sampling sites. This study established that the air of the bulk carrier ship was heavily polluted, and that effective identification of pollution sources could provide a scientific basis for its control.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiang Wang & Daizhi An & Rubao Sun & Mingxing Su, 2019. "Investigation and Source Apportionment of Air Pollutants in a Large Oceangoing Ship during Voyage," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:389-:d:201917
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/389/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/389/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Henry Kaiser, 1958. "The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 23(3), pages 187-200, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bonhomme, Stphane & Robin, Jean-Marc, 2009. "Consistent noisy independent component analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 149(1), pages 12-25, April.
    2. Fernando Castelló-Sirvent & Pablo Pinazo-Dallenbach, 2021. "Corruption Shock in Mexico: fsQCA Analysis of Entrepreneurial Intention in University Students," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(14), pages 1-31, July.
    3. Matkovskyy, Roman, 2013. "To the Problem of Financial Safety Estimation: the Index of Financial Safety of Turkey," MPRA Paper 47673, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Jha, Raghbendra & Murthy, K. V. Bhanu, 2003. "An inverse global environmental Kuznets curve," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 352-368, June.
    5. Rodríguez-Fuentes, Carlos Javier & Hernández-López, Montserrat, 1997. "Análisis de diferencias estructurales interregionales determinantes en el impacto de la política monetaria," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 7, pages 141-157, Junio.
    6. Ivaldi, Enrico, 2013. "Proposal of a country risk index based on a factorial analysis - Una proposta di indice di rischio paese basato sull’analisi fattoriale: una applicazione ai paesi del sud del Mediterraneo e ai paesi d," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 66(2), pages 231-249.
    7. Vesselina Dimitrova & Georgi Marinov & Lino Manosperta, 2019. "Developing Low-Carbon Tourism In Puglia: Case Study Of I. Archeo.S Project," Economic Archive, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 2 Year 20, pages 16-32.
    8. Noor Nahar Begum & Sarabia Rahman, 2016. "An Analytical Study on Investors¡¯ Preference towards Mutual Fund Investment: A Study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(10), pages 184-191, October.
    9. Coppola, A. & Ianuario, S. & Chinnici, G. & Di Vita, G. & Pappalardo, G. & D'Amico, D., 2018. "Endogenous and Exogenous Determinants of Agricultural Productivity: What Is the Most Relevant for the Competitiveness of the Italian Agricultural Systems?," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 10(2).
    10. De Nicola, Arianna & Gitto, Simone & Mancuso, Paolo, 2013. "Airport quality and productivity changes: A Malmquist index decomposition assessment," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 67-75.
    11. Henk Kiers, 1994. "Simplimax: Oblique rotation to an optimal target with simple structure," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 59(4), pages 567-579, December.
    12. Dolores Gallardo-Vázquez, 2023. "Attributes influencing responsible tourism consumer choices: Sustainable local food and drink, health-related services, and entertainment," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 14(2), pages 645-686, June.
    13. Thomas Despois & Catherine Doz, 2022. "Identifying and interpreting the factors in factor models via sparsity : Different approaches," Working Papers halshs-03626503, HAL.
    14. Edyta Puskarczyk, 2020. "Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods and Artificial Neural Network for Facies Analysis from Well Logs Data: an Example of Miocene Deposits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, March.
    15. Iversen, Sara V. & Naomi, van der Velden & Convery, Ian & Mansfield, Lois & Holt, Claire D.S., 2022. "Why understanding stakeholder perspectives and emotions is important in upland woodland creation – A case study from Cumbria, UK," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    16. Ponzoa, José M. & Gómez, Andrés & Mas, José M., 2023. "EU27 and USA institutions in the digital ecosystem: Proposal for a digital presence measurement index," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    17. Thomas Despois & Catherine Doz, 2023. "Identifying and interpreting the factors in factor models via sparsity: Different approaches," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(4), pages 533-555, June.
    18. Xia Vivian Zhou & Kimberly L. Jensen & James A. Larson & Burton C. English, 2021. "Farmer Interest in and Willingness to Grow Pennycress as an Energy Feedstock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-16, April.
    19. Matkovskyy, Roman & Bouraoui, Taoufik & Hammami, Helmi, 2016. "Analysing the financial strength of Tunisia: An approach to estimate an index of financial safety," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 485-493.
    20. Chuanbo Shen & Solomon Asante-Okyere & Yao Yevenyo Ziggah & Liang Wang & Xiangfeng Zhu, 2019. "Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) Lithology Identification Based on Wavelet Analysis and Dimensionality Reduction as Well Log Data Pre-Processing Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:389-:d:201917. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.