IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i19p3701-d272564.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

“The Dop System of Alcohol Distribution is Dead, but It’s Legacy Lives On….”

Author

Listed:
  • Philip A. May

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA
    Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Anna-Susan Marais

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Marlene De Vries

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Julie M. Hasken

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA)

  • Julie M. Stegall

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA)

  • Dixie M. Hedrick

    (Nutrition Research Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 27599, USA)

  • Cudore L. Snell

    (School of Social Work, Howard University, Washington 20059, DC, USA)

  • Soraya Seedat

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Charles D.H. Parry

    (Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African MedicalResearch Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

Abstract

Objective: Determine the prevalence of Dop, a system of labor payment via alcoholic beverages, in a South African province, and its influence on maternal drinking and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Methods: Data from studies of FASD epidemiology were analyzed. Results: Forty-two percent to 67% of mothers reported drinking. In 1999, 5% of women reported Dop allocations in their lifetime: 14% of mothers of FASD children and 1% of controls. In 2010, 1.1% of mothers reported lifetime Dop: 1.6% of FASD mothers and 0.7% of controls. Commercial alcohol sales have replaced the Dop system. Total FASD rates remained high in rural areas in 2010 and rose in urban settings. Urban rates of total FASD surpassed rural area rates in 2010. Correlation analysis did not reveal a strong or significant, direct relationship between Dop experience and heavy drinking ( r = 0.123, p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.015), or the diagnosis of FASD in children ( OR = 0.003, p = 0.183). Conclusion: Dop, as a systematic practice, is dead and does not have a direct influence on alcohol availability, heavy maternal drinking, or the probability of an FASD diagnosis. Nevertheless, today’s problematic drinking patterns were heavily influenced (shaped) by Dop and have negatively impacted the prevalence and severity of FASD.

Suggested Citation

  • Philip A. May & Anna-Susan Marais & Marlene De Vries & Julie M. Hasken & Julie M. Stegall & Dixie M. Hedrick & Cudore L. Snell & Soraya Seedat & Charles D.H. Parry, 2019. "“The Dop System of Alcohol Distribution is Dead, but It’s Legacy Lives On….”," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3701-:d:272564
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3701/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3701/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Philip A. May & Marlene M. De Vries & Anna-Susan Marais & Wendy O. Kalberg & David Buckley & Colleen M. Adnams & Julie M. Hasken & Barbara Tabachnick & Luther K. Robinson & Melanie A. Manning & Heidre, 2017. "Replication of High Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence Rates, Child Characteristics, and Maternal Risk Factors in a Second Sample of Rural Communities in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, May.
    2. J. Phillip Gossage & Cudore L. Snell & Charles D. H. Parry & Anna-Susan Marais & Ronel Barnard & Marlene De Vries & Jason Blankenship & Soraya Seedat & Julie M. Hasken & Philip A. May, 2014. "Alcohol Use, Working Conditions, Job Benefits, and the Legacy of the “Dop” System among Farm Workers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: Hope Despite High Levels of Risky Drinking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, July.
    3. May, P.A. & Gossage, J.P. & Brooke, L.E. & Snell, C.L. & Marais, A.-S. & Hendricks, L.S. & Croxford, J.A. & Viljoen, D.L., 2005. "Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: A population-based study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(7), pages 1190-1199.
    4. May, P.A. & Brooke, L. & Gossage, J.P. & Croxford, J. & Adnams, C. & Jones, K.L. & Robinson, L. & Viljoen, D., 2000. "Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community in the Western Cape Province," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(12), pages 1905-1912.
    5. Marlene M. De Vries & Belinda Joubert & Marise Cloete & Sumien Roux & Beth A. Baca & Julie M. Hasken & Ronel Barnard & David Buckley & Wendy O. Kalberg & Cudore L. Snell & Anna-Susan Marais & Soraya S, 2015. "Indicated Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in South Africa: Effectiveness of Case Management," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Morojele, Neo K. & London, Leslie & Olorunju, Steve A. & Matjila, Maila J. & Davids, Adlai S. & Rendall-Mkosi, Kirstie M., 2010. "Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(4), pages 534-542, February.
    2. Philip A. May & Marlene M. De Vries & Anna-Susan Marais & Wendy O. Kalberg & David Buckley & Colleen M. Adnams & Julie M. Hasken & Barbara Tabachnick & Luther K. Robinson & Melanie A. Manning & Heidre, 2017. "Replication of High Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence Rates, Child Characteristics, and Maternal Risk Factors in a Second Sample of Rural Communities in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Melissa Lubbe & Corné Van Walbeek & Nicole Vellios, 2017. "The Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Its Impact on a Child’s Classroom Performance: A Case Study of a Rural South African School," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-10, August.
    4. Babatope O. Adebiyi & Ferdinand C. Mukumbang & Lizahn G. Cloete & Anna-Marie Beytell, 2019. "Policymakers’ Perspectives Towards Developing a Guideline to Inform Policy on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-20, March.
    5. Fletcher, Olivia V. & May, Philip A. & Seedat, Soraya & Sikkema, Kathleen J. & Watt, Melissa H., 2018. "Attitudes toward alcohol use during pregnancy among women recruited from alcohol-serving venues in Cape Town, South Africa: A mixed-methods study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 98-106.
    6. Manuela Pfinder, 2014. "Anthropometric and Health-Related Behavioral Factors in the Explanation of Social Inequalities in Low Birth Weight in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, January.
    7. John Ataguba, 2012. "Alcohol policy and taxation in South Africa," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 65-76, January.
    8. Marlene M. De Vries & Belinda Joubert & Marise Cloete & Sumien Roux & Beth A. Baca & Julie M. Hasken & Ronel Barnard & David Buckley & Wendy O. Kalberg & Cudore L. Snell & Anna-Susan Marais & Soraya S, 2015. "Indicated Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in South Africa: Effectiveness of Case Management," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    9. J. Phillip Gossage & Cudore L. Snell & Charles D. H. Parry & Anna-Susan Marais & Ronel Barnard & Marlene De Vries & Jason Blankenship & Soraya Seedat & Julie M. Hasken & Philip A. May, 2014. "Alcohol Use, Working Conditions, Job Benefits, and the Legacy of the “Dop” System among Farm Workers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: Hope Despite High Levels of Risky Drinking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, July.
    10. Parmenter, Trevor R., 2011. "Promoting training and employment opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities : international experience," ILO Working Papers 994663503402676, International Labour Organization.
    11. repec:ilo:ilowps:466350 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Giorgie Petković & Ingeborg Barišić, 2013. "Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Maternal Characteristics in a Sample of Schoolchildren from a Rural Province of Croatia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-15, April.
    13. Babatope O. Adebiyi & Ferdinand C. Mukumbang & Charlene Erasmus, 2019. "The Distribution of Available Prevention and Management Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (2007 to 2017): Implications for Collaborative Actions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-24, June.
    14. O'Connor, Mary J. & Tomlinson, Mark & LeRoux, Ingrid M. & Stewart, Jacqueline & Greco, Erin & Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane, 2011. "Predictors of alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition among township women in Cape Town, South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 83-90, January.
    15. Watt, Melissa H. & Eaton, Lisa A. & Choi, Karmel W. & Velloza, Jennifer & Kalichman, Seth C. & Skinner, Donald & Sikkema, Kathleen J., 2014. "“It's better for me to drink, at least the stress is going away”: Perspectives on alcohol use during pregnancy among South African women attending drinking establishments," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 119-125.
    16. Yasmin Bowers & Adlai Davids & Leslie London, 2020. "Alcohol Outlet Density and Deprivation in Six Towns in Bergrivier Municipality before and after Legislative Restrictions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3701-:d:272564. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.