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Expressed Emotion, Shame, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

Author

Listed:
  • Jessica Hack

    (Provisional Psychologist, Newcastle Mental Health Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia)

  • Graham Martin

    (Department of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4066, Australia)

Abstract

A cross-sectional study examining relationships between perceived family Expressed Emotion and shame, emotional involvement, depression, anxiety, stress and non-suicidal self-injury, in 264 community and online adults (21.6% male). We compared self-injurers with non-self-injurers, and current with past self-injurers. Self-injurers experienced more family Expressed Emotion (EE) than non-injurers ( t (254) = −3.24, p = 0.001), linear contrasts explaining 6% of between-groups variability ( F (2, 254) = 7.36, p = 0.001, η 2 = 0.06). Differences in EE between current and past self-injurers were not significant. Overall shame accounted for 33% of between-groups variance ( F (2, 252) = 61.99, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.33), with linear contrasts indicating self-injurers experienced higher levels compared to non-injurers ( t (252) = −8.23, p < 0.001). Current self-injurers reported higher overall shame than past self-injurers ( t (252) = 6.78, p < 0.001). In further logistic regression, emotional involvement and overall shame were the only significant predictors of self-injury status. With every one-unit increase in emotional involvement, odds of currently engaging in self-injury decreased by a factor of 0.860. Conversely, a one-unit increase in overall shame was associated with an increase in the odds of being a current self-injurer by a factor of 1.05. The findings have important treatment implications for engaging key family members in intervention and prevention efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Jessica Hack & Graham Martin, 2018. "Expressed Emotion, Shame, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:5:p:890-:d:143914
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Grossman, D.C. & Milligan, B.C. & Deyo, R.A., 1991. "Risk factors for suicide attempts among Navajo adolescents," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 81(7), pages 870-874.
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    Cited by:

    1. Merike Sisask & Kairi Kõlves, 2018. "Towards a Greater Understanding of Suicidal Behaviour and Its Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-8, August.

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