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Educación superior técnico profesional: ¿una alternativa a la universidad?

Author

Listed:
  • Ruiz-Tagle C., Cristóbal

    (Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile)

  • Paredes M., Ricardo D.

    (Instituto Profecional Duoc UC y Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile)

Abstract

Background: The fast growth of higher education coverage in Chile since 1981 has occurred in a context of increasing heterogeneity in the quality of institutions. In this process, the financing policy has privileged universities, particulary those created before the 1981 reform. Despite this, since 2010 first year enrollment was higher in professional technical institutions than in universities. This, contrary to the widely held idea that students’ preferences are biased towards universities, might suggest that only some universities are preferred, possibly the most traditional ones, and for the rest, students consider higher technical education a good substitute. Methodology: We use discrete Logit Hierarchical choice models and revealed preferences of students enrolled in the first year in universities and in the largest professional technical institution in Chile, to test whether student preferences by universities dominate technical institutions or whether such preferences are only limited to the most recognized universities. Results: We found that preference towards universities applies only to a selective group. In turn, there is a wide segment of substitution between nine relatively less selective universities—representing 27% of the universities considered and 22.1% of the total university enrollment in our sample—and the professional technical institute we consider in the study. We also found elements of public policy that induce students to choose the oldest and the State-owned universities, beyond an objective criteria centered on quality. Conclusions: The existence of substitution between a number of universities and a professional technical institution suggest that policies favoring one type of institution over other. We identified that some public policies that are specially relevant favor students’ university choice contradict the official discourse which states that quality and technical education should be privileged. // Antecedentes: el rápido crecimiento de la cobertura de la educación superior en Chile desde 1981 ha ido de la mano con una gran heterogeneidad en la calidad de las instituciones. En este proceso, el esquema de financiamiento no se ha mantenido neutral y ha favorecido a instituciones universitarias, particularmente las creadas antes de 1981. Pese a esto, se observa que desde 2010 la matrícula de primer año en instituciones técnico profesionales (itp) es mayor a la universitaria. Contrario a la idea difundida de que las preferencias de los estudiantes son sesgadas hacia las universidades, esto sugeriría que las preferencias por lo universitario se refieren sólo a algunas universidades, posiblemente las más tradicionales, y que para el resto no hay tal predominancia en las preferencias. Metodología: utilizamos modelos de elección discreta y logit jerárquico a partir de las preferencias reveladas de matriculados en primer año en universidades y en el mayor instituto técnico profesional en Chile para probar si efectivamente los estudiantes tienen preferencias por las universidades sobre la enseñanza técnico profesional, o si esas preferencias se refieren solo a un subconjunto de universidades. Resultados: hallamos que la dominancia de las preferencias por lo universitario se remite a un subconjunto de universidades selectivas y que hay ámbitos amplios de sustitución entre nueve universidades relativamente menos selectivas, que representan 27% de las universidades consideradas y 22.1% de la matrícula total universitaria estudiada, con un itp de alta acreditación. Encontramos también elementos de política pública que generan sesgos en la elección de los estudiantes, en el sentido de inducirlos a elegir las universidades más antiguas y las estatales, por encima de un criterio objetivo que se centre en calidad.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruiz-Tagle C., Cristóbal & Paredes M., Ricardo D., 2019. "Educación superior técnico profesional: ¿una alternativa a la universidad?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 86(341), pages 31-63, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:86:y:2019:i:341:p:31-63
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v86i341.621
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    Cited by:

    1. Schmidt, Alejandro & Ortúzar, Juan de Dios & Paredes, Ricardo D., 2019. "Heterogeneity and college choice: Latent class modelling for improved policy making," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    elección; educación superior; política pública.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis

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