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Impuestos en botanas. Su impacto en precio y consumo en México

Author

Listed:
  • Aguilera Aburto, Nelly

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas)

  • Rodríguez Aguilar, Román

    (Universidad Anáhuac)

  • Sansores Martínez, Diana Nicte-Há

    (Secretaría de Salud)

  • Gutiérrez Delgado, Cristina

    (Secretaría de Salud)

Abstract

Background: In Mexico, to help control the epidemic of overweight and obesity an integral strategy that incorporate a tax on sugar sweetened beverages and a group of food with high caloric content, including snacks was implemented since January 2014. In this paper we analyze how prices of snacks behaved after the tax and we estimate the potential impact of the price increase in the consumption. Methods: For the price analysis we apply a model for panel data with three scenarios and an interrupted time-series model. For estimating the potential impact of the prices increase in the consumption we develop scenarios on elasticity and tax rate. We use public information from INEGI for both analysis. Results: From the price analysis, results indicate that the industry transferred the tax to prices of snacks completely. Likewise results show that the tax enforced from 2014 to 2016 generated a moderate reduction in consumption. Estimates of the potential impact in the consumption indicate that a higher tax rate would generate bigger decreases in consumption and that the tax would be more effective if the demand of the snacks is elastic. Conclusions. Results provide information to reconsider the tax rate and alert about the need to evaluate the strategy as a whole.// Antecedentes: Para contribuir al control de la epidemia de sobrepeso y obesidad en México, se implementó, a partir de enero de 2014, una estrategia integral que incluye un impuesto a bebidas azucaradas y a un grupo de alimentos con alto contenido calórico, entre los que se encuentran las botanas. En este artículo analizamos cómo se comportan los precios de las botanas ante el incremento de los impuestos y estimamos el posible impacto del incremento en precios en el consumo. Métodos: Para el análisis de precios aplicamos un modelo de datos panel con tres escenarios y un modelo de series de tiempo interrumpidas. Para la estimación del posible impacto del incremento en precios en el consumo desarrollamos escenarios de elasticidad y tasas de impuesto. En ambos casos usamos información pública del INEGI. Resultados: Del análisis de precios, los resultados indican que la industria transfirió el impuesto al precio en las botanas en su totalidad. Asimismo muestran que el impuesto vigente de 2014 a 2016 generó una disminución moderada del consumo. Las estimaciones del impacto en el consumo indican que una mayor tasa impositiva generaría mayores disminuciones de consumo y que la medida impositiva sería más efectiva si las demandas son elásticas. Conclusiones: Los resultados proporcionan información para replantear el nivel de tasa impositiva y alertar sobre la necesidad de evaluar la estrategia en su conjunto.

Suggested Citation

  • Aguilera Aburto, Nelly & Rodríguez Aguilar, Román & Sansores Martínez, Diana Nicte-Há & Gutiérrez Delgado, Cristina, 2017. "Impuestos en botanas. Su impacto en precio y consumo en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(336), pages .773-803, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:84:y:2017:i:336:p:773-803
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v84i336.606
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    Cited by:

    1. Salgado, Juan Carlos & Ng, Shu Wen, 2019. "Understanding heterogeneity in price changes and firm responses to a national unhealthy food tax in Mexico," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Gračner, Tadeja & Kapinos, Kandice A. & Gertler, Paul J., 2022. "Associations of a national tax on non-essential high calorie foods with changes in consumer prices," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    política impositiva; sobrepeso y obesidad; México.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • H22 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Incidence

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