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Externalidades de la mano de obra calificada y estados estacionarios múltiples en una economía abierta pequeña

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  • Pérez-Oviedo, Wilson

    (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO, Ecuador)

Abstract

In this model, while firms exhibit constant returns to scale, the entire economy exhibits increasing returns to scale due to positive skilled labor externalities, which make feasible the existence of multiple steady states that can be ordered in a Paretian sense, which is useful to reflect on development issues. This model, predicting that marginal productivity of capital is equal in all countries, gives an answer to the capital allocation puzzle (Lucas, 1990). Another prediction of the model is that skilled labor productivity is greater in developed countries than in the underdeveloped countries, providing an important factor in explaining skilled labor migration towards rich countries. It also explains how a country with agents who experience no asymmetries of information, no irrational behaviour, and no credit constraints, could be trapped in a low fixed points where only small amounts of capital are invested, low wages are paid, productivity of skilled workers is low, and most of the labor force is unskilled.// En este modelo, si bien las empresas exhiben rendimientos constantes a escala, la economía entera exhibe también crecientes rendimientos a escala debido a las externalidades positivas de la mano de obra calificada. Esto hace factible la existencia de estados estacionarios múltiples que pueden ordenarse en el sentido de Pareto, lo cual es útil para reflexionar sobre los problemas del desarrollo. Este modelo, al predecir que la productividad marginal del capital es igual en todos los países, resuelve el problema de asignación de capital (Lucas, 1990). Otra predicción del modelo es que la productividad de la mano de obra calificada es mayor en los países desarrollados que en los países subdesarrollados, lo cual aporta un factor importante para explicar la migración de la mano de obra calificada a los países ricos. También explica cómo es que un país que tiene agentes que no experimentan asimetrías de información, conductas irracionales ni restricciones crediticias puede estar atrapado en un punto fijo donde únicamente se invierten pequeñas cantidades de capital, se pagan bajos salarios, la productividad de la mano de obra calificada es baja y la mayoría de la fuerza laboral es no calificada

Suggested Citation

  • Pérez-Oviedo, Wilson, 2015. "Externalidades de la mano de obra calificada y estados estacionarios múltiples en una economía abierta pequeña," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(328), pages .787-806, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:82:y:2015:i:328:p:787-806
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v82i328.184
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    Keywords

    externalidades de la mano de obra; estados estacionarios múltiples; subdesarrollo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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