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La apertura comercial y su efecto en la distribución regional de México

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  • Garduño, Rafael.

    (CIDE.)

Abstract

New Economic Geography (NEG) focuses on the question of whether trade leads to a greater concentration of economic activity. Little empirical work has been done on assessing the regional distribution of the impact of trade. Therefore, this paper looks at the regional distribution in Mexico of the benefits from trade after NAFTA. Unlike previous papers, this study works with municipal-level data, which not only makes it possible to observe the growth patterns across space more clearly but also to identify the effect of NAFTA. The results show that after NAFTA, output per worker in regions near the Mexico-U.S. border grew faster than that in those further away. Furthermore, the trade agreement increased inequality, implying trade increased economic concentration by causing cities to grow faster than other regions. Similarly, regions with a more literate workforce were better able to benefit from NAFTA, growing faster than other areas after the trade agreement.// La Nueva Geografía Económica (NGE) pregunta si el comercio conduce a una mayor concentración de la actividad económica. Sin embargo, pocos trabajos empíricos han evaluado los efectos regionales del comercio. Este artículo estudia la distribución regional de los beneficios del comercio en México después del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). A diferencia de estudios anteriores, el presente estudio trabaja con datos municipales, lo que permite observar mejor las pautas de crecimiento espacial e identificar el efecto del TLCAN. Los resultados muestran que después del TLCAN, la producción por trabajador en las regiones cercanas a la frontera entre México y los Estados Unidos creció más rápidamente que en aquellas más lejanas. Además, el acuerdo comercial aumentó la desigualdad, lo que implicó una mayor concentración económica comercial e hizo que las ciudades crecieran más rápidamente que otras regiones. Asimismo, las regiones con una fuerza laboral más escolarizada pudieron beneficiarse más del TLCAN y crecer más rápidamente que otras áreas.

Suggested Citation

  • Garduño, Rafael., 2014. "La apertura comercial y su efecto en la distribución regional de México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(322), pages .413-439, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:81:y:2014:i:322:p:413-439
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v81i322.118
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    File URL: http://www.eltrimestreeconomico.com.mx/index.php/te/article/view/118/118
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    Cited by:

    1. Hector M. Nuñez & Dusan Paredes & Rafael Garduño-Rivera, 2017. "Is crime in Mexico a disamenity? Evidence from a hedonic valuation approach," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 59(1), pages 171-187, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    economías de aglomeración; crecimiento económico; México; disparidades regionales; apertura comercial; costos de transporte.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R0 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General
    • R1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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