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¿Debe la América Latina temerle a China?

Author

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  • Lora, Eduardo

    (Departamento de Investigación, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo)

Abstract

This paper compares growth conditions in China and Latin America to assess fears that China will displace Latin America in the coming decades. China’s strengths include the size of the economy, macroeconomic stability, abundant low-cost labor, the rapid expansion of physical infrastructure, and the ability to innovate. China’s weaknesses, stemming from insufficient separation between market and State, include poor corporate governance, a fragile financial system and misallocation of savings. Both regions share important weaknesses: the rule of law is weak, corruption endemic and education is low and very poorly distributed. Although fears on manufacturing and foreign direct investment diversion are overblown, China may be a source of international financial instability with potentially damaging effects for Latin America.// Este artículo compara las condiciones de crecimiento económico de China y de la América Latina con el fin de evaluar los temores de que la economía china desplace a la latinoamericana en los próximos decenios. Las fortalezas de China se basan en el tamaño de su economía, su estabilidad macroeconómica, la abundante mano de obra barata, la rápida expansión de la infraestructura física y la capacidad para innovar. Las debilidades de China tienen su origen en la poca separación que existe entre el mercado y el Estado e incluyen la débil gobernabilidad corporativa, un sistema financiero frágil y una mala asignación del ahorro. La América Latina y China comparten debilidades importantes: el imperio de la ley es débil, la corrupción endémica y la escolaridad es baja y mal distribuida. Aunque los temores de desplazamiento de los sectores industriales y de la inversión extranjera son exagerados, China puede ser una fuente de inestabilidad financiera internacional con efectos potencialmente muy dañinos para la América Latina.

Suggested Citation

  • Lora, Eduardo, 2005. "¿Debe la América Latina temerle a China?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(287), pages 459-493, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:72:y:2005:i:287:p:459-493
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v72i287.568
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    Cited by:

    1. Segundo Castro-Gonzales & Ericks Vazquez-Guzman & Jose C. Vega Vilca, 2015. "Ecuador, Peru And Colombia: South-American Competitors Or Complementaries? Global Competitiveness Analysis, Ecuador, Peru Y Colombia: ¿Competidores O Complementarios Sudamericanos? Analisis De Su Com," Revista Global de Negocios, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 3(6), pages 13-28.
    2. Alex E. Fernández Jilberto & Barbara Hogenboom, 2007. "Latin America and China Under Global Neoliberalism," Journal of Developing Societies, , vol. 23(4), pages 467-501, October.
    3. Sargent, John & Matthews, Linda, 2008. "Capital Intensity, Technology Intensity, and Skill Development in Post China/WTO Maquiladoras," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 541-559, April.
    4. Dos Santos, Enestor & Zignago, Soledad, 2012. "El avance de China y la evolución del comercio internacional en Brasil," Revista Integración y Comercio (Integration and Trade Journal), Inter-American Development Bank, INTAL, vol. 35(16), pages 87-107.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    China; América Latina; crecimiento económico; competitividad; ambiente de inversión;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E66 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General Outlook and Conditions
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries
    • P52 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies

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