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Factores Demográficos y la Oferta de Trabajo en Chile

Author

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  • Paredes M., Ricardo

    (Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas de la Universidad Católica de Chile)

  • Paz González, María

Abstract

We analyze the effects on the labor force of the reduction in the birth rate and the aging of the Chilean population. We decompose this change in three effects: the scale effect, associated with total population; the composition effect, associated with the change in age distribution; and residual effect, that considers all the other factors affecting labor supply (e.g., economic and cultural). We show that the first two effects were the most relevant ones in explaining the change in labor supply over the last two decades. Using these estimations, we forecast the evolution of labor supply for the period 2000-2010, and conclude that demographic factors will significantly reduce labor supply growth.// El cambio en la estructura etárea en Chile se asocia a caídas en la natalidad y al envejecimiento de la población, ambos factores inciden de modo importante en la oferta laboral. En este artículo descomponemos la evolución de la oferta laboral en tres efectos: efecto escala, asociado a la población; efecto composición, asociado a la distribución por edades, y efecto residual, que resume el conjunto de variables que por común más se han analizado conceptual y empíricamente. Los dos primeros efectos se asocian al cambio demográfico y muestran que son los más importantes en la evolución de los dos pasados decenios en la oferta laboral. Sabiendo de esta importancia y pudiendo, a partir de proyecciones de población, estimar su efecto , ello acota las proyecciones de la oferta futura. A partir de la descomposición predecimos que los incrementos de la oferta laboral caerán de manera significativa en el periodo 2000-2010, en particular respecto al decenio de los ochenta. Ello permitirá que, con la misma capacidad de la economía chilena para generar empleo, el desempleo descienda más rápidamente y se produzca una mayor presión en los salarios de mercado.

Suggested Citation

  • Paredes M., Ricardo & Paz González, María, 2002. "Factores Demográficos y la Oferta de Trabajo en Chile," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(276), pages 455-474, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:69:y:2002:i:276:p:455-474
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    oferta de trabajo; demografía;

    JEL classification:

    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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