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Residential segregation and mortality in New York City

Author

Listed:
  • Fang, Jing
  • Madhavan, Shantha
  • Bosworth, William
  • Alderman, Michael H.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of residential racial segregation on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in New York City. A cross-sectional study of residents in New York City was conducted linking mortality records from 1988 through 1994, to the 1990 United States Census data stratified by zipcode. All-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality rates for non-Hispanic blacks and whites were estimated by zipcode. Zipcodes were aggregated according to the degree of residential segregation (predominantly (>=75%) white and black areas) and mortality rates were compared. Multiple regression analysis was used to associate population characteristics with mortality. In New York City, although overall mortality rates of blacks exceed whites, these rates varied substantially by locality according to the pattern of racial segregation. Whites living in the higher (mainly white) socioeconomic areas had lower mortality rates than whites living in predominantly black areas (1473.7 vs 1934.1 for males, and 909.9 vs 1414.7 for females for all-cause mortality). This was true for all age groups. By contrast, elderly blacks living in black areas, despite their less favorable socioeconomic status, had lower mortality rates for all-cause, total cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease, than did those living in white areas, even after adjusting for available socioeconomic variables. Racial segregation in residence is independently associated with mortality. Within racially segregated areas, members of the dominant group, for all age, among whites and elderly blacks, enjoy outcomes superior both to members of the minority racial group of their community, and to members of the same race residing in other areas, where they are in the minority, independent of socio-economic status.

Suggested Citation

  • Fang, Jing & Madhavan, Shantha & Bosworth, William & Alderman, Michael H., 1998. "Residential segregation and mortality in New York City," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 469-476, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:47:y:1998:i:4:p:469-476
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    Cited by:

    1. Grady, Sue C., 2006. "Racial disparities in low birthweight and the contribution of residential segregation: A multilevel analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(12), pages 3013-3029, December.
    2. Chang, Virginia W., 2006. "Racial residential segregation and weight status among US adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(5), pages 1289-1303, September.
    3. Shoff, Carla & Yang, Tse-Chuan, 2012. "Untangling the associations among distrust, race, and neighborhood social environment: A social disorganization perspective," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(9), pages 1342-1352.
    4. Ioana Popescu & Erin Duffy & Joshua Mendelsohn & José J Escarce, 2018. "Racial residential segregation, socioeconomic disparities, and the White-Black survival gap," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Poeran, Jashvant & Maas, Arno F.G. & Birnie, Erwin & Denktas, Semiha & Steegers, Eric A.P. & Bonsel, Gouke J., 2013. "Social deprivation and adverse perinatal outcomes among Western and non-Western pregnant women in a Dutch urban population," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 42-49.
    6. Dutta, Sunasir, 2019. "Seeing parochially and acting locally: Social exposure, problem identification and social entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(6).
    7. Dutta, Sunasir, 2019. "Seeing Parochially and Acting Locally," OSF Preprints stvd7, Center for Open Science.
    8. Thorpe Jr., Roland J. & Brandon, Dwayne T. & LaVeist, Thomas A., 2008. "Social context as an explanation for race disparities in hypertension: Findings from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities (EHDIC) Study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(10), pages 1604-1611, November.
    9. Chunzhu Wei & Mark Padgham & Pablo Cabrera Barona & Thomas Blaschke, 2017. "Scale-Free Relationships between Social and Landscape Factors in Urban Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, January.
    10. Hongwei Xu & John Logan & Susan Short, 2014. "Integrating Space With Place in Health Research: A Multilevel Spatial Investigation Using Child Mortality in 1880 Newark, New Jersey," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(3), pages 811-834, June.
    11. Masi, Christopher M. & Hawkley, Louise C. & Harry Piotrowski, Z. & Pickett, Kate E., 2007. "Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(12), pages 2440-2457, December.
    12. Dinwiddie, Gniesha Y. & Gaskin, Darrell J. & Chan, Kitty S. & Norrington, Janette & McCleary, Rachel, 2013. "Residential segregation, geographic proximity and type of services used: Evidence for racial/ethnic disparities in mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 67-75.
    13. Hutchinson, Rebbeca N. & Putt, Mary A. & Dean, Lorraine T. & Long, Judith A. & Montagnet, Chantal A. & Armstrong, Katrina, 2009. "Neighborhood racial composition, social capital and black all-cause mortality in Philadelphia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(10), pages 1859-1865, May.
    14. Ousey, Graham C., 2017. "Crime is not the only problem: Examining why violence & adverse health outcomes co-vary across large U.S. counties," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 29-41.
    15. Yun Jian & Lucas Neas & Lynne C. Messer & Christine L. Gray & Jyotsna S. Jagai & Kristen M. Rappazzo & Danelle T. Lobdell, 2019. "Divergent trends in life expectancy across the rural–urban gradient and association with specific racial proportions in the contiguous USA 2000–2005," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(9), pages 1367-1374, December.
    16. Phillips, Ghasi S. & Wise, Lauren A. & Rich-Edwards, Janet W. & Stampfer, Meir J. & Rosenberg, Lynn, 2009. "Income incongruity, relative household income, and preterm birth in the Black Women's Health Study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2122-2128, June.
    17. Pickett, Kate E. & Collins, James Jr & Masi, Christopher M. & Wilkinson, Richard G., 2005. "The effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(10), pages 2229-2238, May.

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