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Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles, electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers

Author

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  • Al-Alwani, Mahmoud A.M.
  • Mohamad, Abu Bakar
  • Ludin, Norasikin A.
  • Kadhum, Abd. Amir H.
  • Sopian, Kamaruzzaman

Abstract

The energy economy is highly dependent on oil, coal and natural gas, which constitute 37%, 27% and 20% of energy usage, respectively. However, the reserves of fossil fuels (e.g., crude oil) are limited and could run out in approximately 40 years based on a daily consumption of 82.5 million barrels and the current reserves to production (R/P) ratio. Solar energy is the source of nearly all energy on Earth. Of all renewable power sources, solar energy is the most easily exploitable, inexhaustible, quiet, and adaptable to different applications. Photovoltaic cells (PVCs) are devices that directly convert sunlight into electricity without pollution, sound, or moving parts, which makes them long-lasting and dependable. PVCs use an elegant method to take advantage of sunlight. Solar cells offer one of the most promising and environmentally friendly methods for producing electricity. This paper reviews the emergence, principles, electron kinetics and components of PVCs with a focus on the molecular engineering of several metal complexes, organic dyes and natural dyes that are used as photosensitisers in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs).

Suggested Citation

  • Al-Alwani, Mahmoud A.M. & Mohamad, Abu Bakar & Ludin, Norasikin A. & Kadhum, Abd. Amir H. & Sopian, Kamaruzzaman, 2016. "Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles, electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 183-213.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:65:y:2016:i:c:p:183-213
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.045
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ludin, Norasikin Ahmad & Mustafa, Nur Ifthitah & Hanafiah, Marlia M. & Ibrahim, Mohd Adib & Asri Mat Teridi, Mohd & Sepeai, Suhaila & Zaharim, Azami & Sopian, Kamaruzzaman, 2018. "Prospects of life cycle assessment of renewable energy from solar photovoltaic technologies: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 11-28.
    2. Hosseinnezhad, Mozhgan & Gharanjig, Kamaladin & Moradian, Siamak & Saeb, Mohammad Reza, 2017. "In quest of power conversion efficiency in nature-inspired dye-sensitized solar cells: Individual, co-sensitized or tandem configuration?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 864-870.
    3. Arkan, Foroogh & Izadyar, Mohammad, 2018. "Recent theoretical progress in the organic/metal-organic sensitizers as the free dyes, dye/TiO2 and dye/electrolyte systems; Structural modifications and solvent effects on their performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 609-655.
    4. Nurfadzilah Ahmad & Jovana Vunduk & Anita Klaus & Nofri Yenita Dahlan & Soumya Ghosh & Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki & Laurent Dufossé & Nurul Aini Bani & Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, 2022. "Roles of Medicinal Mushrooms as Natural Food Dyes and Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC): Synergy of Zero Hunger and Affordable Energy for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, October.

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