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Improved load-frequency control contribution of variable speed variable pitch wind generators

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  • Moutis, Panayiotis
  • Papathanassiou, Stavros A.
  • Hatziargyriou, Nikos D.

Abstract

In order for a wind generator (WG) to participate in load-frequency control (LFC) – either primary or secondary – some de-loading of its turbine is required. This paper discusses and rectifies important drawbacks of methods previously suggested on the two main de-loading techniques, i.e. over-speeding and pitch-controlled de-loading. In the same scope, the inertial support offered by WGs is also discussed. Two enhanced control strategies emerge from the above analysis: the first is based on over-speeding de-loading, which, for wind speed close to or above nominal, avoids overloading the converter of WGs equipped with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG); the second is a method of pitch-controlled de-loading combined with inertial support for fast LFC action. Simulations presented show both the positive performance of the two proposed strategies and their favorable results versus previous cited methodologies. In MATLAB® Simulink, a two-bus power system consisting of a varying load, a diesel-synchronous generator and WG topologies with either a DFIG or a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) are considered.

Suggested Citation

  • Moutis, Panayiotis & Papathanassiou, Stavros A. & Hatziargyriou, Nikos D., 2012. "Improved load-frequency control contribution of variable speed variable pitch wind generators," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 514-523.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:48:y:2012:i:c:p:514-523
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.05.021
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    Cited by:

    1. Deepak, M. & Abraham, Rajesh Joseph & Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco M. & Greenwood, David M. & Rajamani, Haile-Selassie, 2017. "A novel approach to frequency support in a wind integrated power system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 194-206.
    2. Heard, B.P. & Brook, B.W. & Wigley, T.M.L. & Bradshaw, C.J.A., 2017. "Burden of proof: A comprehensive review of the feasibility of 100% renewable-electricity systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1122-1133.
    3. Bakhsh, Farhad Ilahi & Khatod, Dheeraj Kumar, 2016. "A new synchronous generator based wind energy conversion system feeding an isolated load through variable frequency transformer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 106-116.
    4. Marcelo Godoy Simões & Abdullah Bubshait, 2019. "Frequency Support of Smart Grid Using Fuzzy Logic-Based Controller for Wind Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    6. Ana Fernández-Guillamón & Guillermo Martínez-Lucas & Ángel Molina-García & Jose Ignacio Sarasua, 2020. "An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-19, July.
    7. Carunaiselvane, C. & Chelliah, Thanga Raj, 2017. "Present trends and future prospects of asynchronous machines in renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1028-1041.
    8. Xu, Guoyi & Liu, Fanglei & Hu, Jiaxin & Bi, Tianshu, 2018. "Coordination of wind turbines and synchronous generators for system frequency control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 225-236.
    9. Pandey, Shashi Kant & Mohanty, Soumya R. & Kishor, Nand, 2013. "A literature survey on load–frequency control for conventional and distribution generation power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 318-334.
    10. Khan, Asif & Seyedmahmoudian, Mehdi & Raza, Ali & Stojcevski, Alex, 2021. "Analytical review on common and state-of-the-art FR strategies for VSC-MTDC integrated offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    11. Díaz-González, Francisco & Hau, Melanie & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2014. "Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: Review of grid code requirements and control methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 551-564.
    12. Jafar Jallad & Saad Mekhilef & Hazlie Mokhlis, 2017. "Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-29, August.
    13. Pradhan, Chittaranjan & Bhende, Chandrashekhar Narayan & Samanta, Anik Kumar, 2018. "Adaptive virtual inertia-based frequency regulation in wind power systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 558-574.

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