Enhancing resilience of agricultural microgrid through electricity–heat–water based multi-energy hub considering irradiation intensity uncertainty

Agricultural microgrid propounds a tailored and cost-effective platform for multi-energy supply in rural areas but also faces the challenge of supply outages because of the fragile grid structure. This paper proposes an electricity–heat–water based multi-energy hub (EHWbMEH) to enhance the resilience of agricultural microgrid, with the objectives of minimization of operation cost and maximization of resilience. To this end, the stochastic characteristics and coupling relationship of photovoltaic and solar thermal outputs are first investigated by introducing expected power not served and expected power curtailment. Subsequently, the EHWbMEH consisting of energy conversion, storage, and distribution devices is developed to ensure the resilience of the agricultural microgrid during supply outages. On this basis, a multi-objective resilience-economic operation model for EHWbMEH considering irradiation intensity uncertainty is presented, and the Pareto frontier is derived by applying the multiple preys based evolutionary predator and prey strategy. According to the simulation results, when the electricity, heat, and water supply are interrupted, the total operation cost of the optimal trade-off solution is $3740.141, while the electricity, heat, and water load resilience can reach 63.37%, 84.72%, and 80.55%, respectively. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method.