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Critical exponents at the turn of the century

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  • Levelt Sengers, J.M.H

Abstract

The notion of a critical exponent was first used by Van der Waals in 1893 for describing the critical behavior of the surface tension. He also noticed in the early 1890's that experimental data on capillarity indicated a nonclassical value for the surface tension exponent. Verschaffelt found that this was due to the fact that the coexistence curve exponent beta was nonclassical. In 1900, he established precise nonclassical values for the exponents beta and delta. Even though from this time onwards the “cubic law” for fluid coexistence curves was accepted, the true implication of Verschaffelt's results, namely the failure of classical theory, was not appreciated. Some reasons for this lack of impact will be given.

Suggested Citation

  • Levelt Sengers, J.M.H, 1975. "Critical exponents at the turn of the century," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 319-351.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:82:y:1975:i:3:p:319-351
    DOI: 10.1016/0378-4371(76)90012-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Trappeniers, N.J. & Boots, H.M.J. & Huijser, R.H. & Michels, A.C., 1980. "Investigation of multiple scattering contributions to the depolarization of light scattered by xenon and carbon dioxide in the critical region," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 103(3), pages 455-467.
    2. Sengers, J.V. & Van Leeuwen, J.M.J., 1982. "Nonlocal gravity-induced density profiles in gases near the critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 116(3), pages 345-367.
    3. Sengers, J.V. & Bedeaux, D. & Mazur, P. & Greer, S.C., 1980. "Behavior of the dielectric constant of fluids near a critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 104(3), pages 573-594.
    4. Boots, H.M.J. & Bedeaux, D. & Mazur, P., 1976. "On the theory of multiple scattering II. Critical scattering," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 217-255.

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