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Nonlocal gravity-induced density profiles in gases near the critical point

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  • Sengers, J.V.
  • Van Leeuwen, J.M.J.

Abstract

The gravitational field induces density gradients in gases near the critical point. These density gradients are usually evaluated with the assumption that the relationship between the local density and local chemical potential is the same as for a macroscopic system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Very close to the critical point the assumption of local equilibrium ceases to be valid. In this paper we obtain the actual density profiles including nonlocal effects. For this purpose we extend the theory of van der Waals and of Fisk and Widom for the interfacial density profile below the critical temperature to the one-phase region above the critical temperature. The nonlocal effects in the density profiles are found to be significant in temperature intervals that are accessible with currently available experimental techniques for temperature control.

Suggested Citation

  • Sengers, J.V. & Van Leeuwen, J.M.J., 1982. "Nonlocal gravity-induced density profiles in gases near the critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 116(3), pages 345-367.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:116:y:1982:i:3:p:345-367
    DOI: 10.1016/0378-4371(82)90164-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sengers, J.V. & Gillespie, D.T. & Perez-Esandi, J.J., 1978. "Three-particle collision effects in the transport properties of a gas of hard spheres," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 365-409.
    2. Kestin, J. & Korfali, Ö. & Sengers, J.V. & Kamgar-Parsi, B., 1981. "Density dependence and composition dependence of the viscosity of neon-helium and neon-argon mixtures," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 106(3), pages 415-442.
    3. Hohenberg, Paul M., 1976. "European Peasants and Their Markets: Essays in Agrarian Economic History. Edited by William N. Parker and Eric L. Jones. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975. Pp. 366. $16.50," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 36(3), pages 782-784, September.
    4. Levelt Sengers, J.M.H., 1979. "Liquidons and gasons; controversies about the continuity of states," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 98(3), pages 363-402.
    5. Zinn, Karl Georg, 1976. "Hochkonjunktur bei Unterbeschäftigung? Die analytischen Defizite der jüngsten Aufschwungeuphorie," Wirtschaftsdienst – Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik (1949 - 2007), ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 56(8), pages 395-403.
    6. Levelt Sengers, J.M.H, 1975. "Critical exponents at the turn of the century," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 82(3), pages 319-351.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nieuwoudt, J.C. & Sengers, J.V., 1987. "Frequency dependence of transport properties of fluids near the critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 147(1), pages 368-386.
    2. Sengers, J.V. & Van Leeuwen, J.M.J. & Schmidt, J.W., 1991. "Capillary waves of fluid interfaces near a critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 172(1), pages 20-39.
    3. Van Leeuwen, J.M.J. & Sengers, J.V., 1985. "Gravity effects on the vapor-liquid interface very close to the critical temperature," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 132(2), pages 207-232.
    4. Van Leeuwen, J.M.J. & Sengers, J.V., 1989. "Capillary waves of a vapor-liquid interface in a gravitational field very close to the critical temperature," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 157(2), pages 839-856.
    5. Van Leeuwen, J.M.J. & Sengers, J.V., 1986. "Scaling laws and universality of critical phenomena in the presence of an external field," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 138(1), pages 1-21.
    6. van Leeuwen, J.M.J. & Sengers, J.V., 1984. "Gravity effects on the correlation length in gases near the critical point," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 128(1), pages 99-131.
    7. Tang, S. & Sengers, J.V. & Chen, Z.Y., 1991. "Nonasymptotic critical thermodynamical behavior of fluids," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 179(3), pages 344-377.
    8. Clerke, E.A. & Sengers, J.V., 1983. "Fast pressure quenches near the critical point of a binary liquid mixture," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 118(1), pages 360-370.

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