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Why are the Longji Terraces in Southwest China maintained well? A conservation mechanism for agricultural landscapes based on agricultural multi-functions developed by multi-stakeholders

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  • Zhang, Yongxun
  • He, Lulu
  • Li, Xiande
  • Zhang, Canqiang
  • Qian, Chen
  • Li, Jingdong
  • Zhang, Aiping

Abstract

Agricultural landscapes in mountainous areas are facing the destruction due to farmland abandonment. A sustainable conservation mechanism is needed urgently for the rural areas in these places. Dazhai terraces of Longji Terraces, Southwest China are maintained well based on agricultural multi-functions developed by multi-stakeholders. From the perspective of household economics, this study examined the income structure of households in Dazhai and estimated every household’s income based on the collected data via semi-structural interviews and the statistical data. In Dazhai, the income of households is mainly comprised of agricultural income, compensation for maintaining terraces (CMT), tourism income dividend (TID) and income of local non-farm jobs (IINJ). The IINJ and the TID constitute the most and the second more part of the household incomes, respectively, which account for 70.8% and 17.8% of the total household incomes. The agricultural income just plays a slight role in improving the household incomes. 97.7% of households in Dazhai earn a higher income a year from the agricultural multi-functions than those migrant workers in the region. The sustainable high income from terraced multi-functions is the main driving force to maintain Dazhai terraces. The multi-functions of Dazhai terraces are developed jointly by local governments, companies and villagers. More importantly, these stakeholders’ cooperation rests on the reasonable benefit distribution principles between companies and Dazhai and among villagers in Dazhai. In sum, the benefit distribution mechanisms drive multiple stakeholders to maintain terraced landscapes directly or indirectly.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Yongxun & He, Lulu & Li, Xiande & Zhang, Canqiang & Qian, Chen & Li, Jingdong & Zhang, Aiping, 2019. "Why are the Longji Terraces in Southwest China maintained well? A conservation mechanism for agricultural landscapes based on agricultural multi-functions developed by multi-stakeholders," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 42-51.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:85:y:2019:i:c:p:42-51
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.046
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Qi & Song, Conghe & Chen, Xiaodong, 2018. "Effects of China’s payment for ecosystem services programs on cropland abandonment: A case study in Tiantangzhai Township, Anhui, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 239-248.
    2. Yehong Sun & Hongjian Zhou & Lingyun Zhang & Qingwen Min & Weixia Yin, 2013. "Adapting to droughts in Yuanyang Terrace of SW China: insight from disaster risk reduction," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(6), pages 759-771, August.
    3. Yongxun Zhang & Qingwen Min & Heyao Li & Lulu He & Canqiang Zhang & Lun Yang, 2017. "A Conservation Approach of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS): Improving Traditional Agricultural Patterns and Promoting Scale-Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-12, February.
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    2. Fang Tang & Yangbing Li & Xiuming Liu & Juan Huang & Yiyi Zhang & Qian Xu, 2023. "Understanding the Relationships between Landscape Eco-Security and Multifunctionality in Cropland: Implications for Supporting Cropland Management Decisions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-26, January.
    3. Maolin Li & Yongxun Zhang & Changhong Miao & Lulu He & Jiatao Chen, 2022. "Centennial Change and Source–Sink Interaction Process of Traditional Agricultural Landscape: Case from Xin’an Traditional Cherry Cultivation System (1920–2020)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    4. Movahedi, Reza & Jawanmardi, Sina & Azadi, Hossein & Goli, Imaneh & Viira, Ants-Hannes & Witlox, Frank, 2021. "Why do farmers abandon agricultural lands? The case of Western Iran," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    5. Lulu He & Qingwen Min & Chuanchun Hong & Yongxun Zhang, 2021. "Features and Socio-Economic Sustainability of Traditional Chestnut Forestry Landscape in China: A Case of Kuancheng County, Hebei Province," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-18, September.
    6. Maolin Li & Yongxun Zhang & Ming Xu & Lulu He & Longteng Liu & Qisheng Tang, 2019. "China Eco-Wisdom: A Review of Sustainability of Agricultural Heritage Systems on Aquatic-Ecological Conservation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, December.
    7. Salvatore Praticò & Francesco Solano & Salvatore Di Fazio & Giuseppe Modica, 2022. "A Multitemporal Fragmentation-Based Approach for a Dynamics Analysis of Agricultural Terraced Systems: The Case Study of Costa Viola Landscape (Southern Italy)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, March.
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    9. Qingwen Min & Bitian Zhang, 2019. "Research Progress in the Conservation and Development of China-Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.

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