IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jmvana/v63y1997i1p88-104.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

On the Effect of Inliers on the Spatial Median

Author

Listed:
  • Brown, Bruce M.
  • Hall, Peter
  • Young, G. Alastair

Abstract

We point out that inliers adversely affect performance of the spatial median and its generalization due to Gentleman. They are most deleterious in the case of the median itself, and in the important setting of two dimensions. There, the second term in a stochastic expansion of the median has a component with a Cauchy limiting distribution, and does not have any finite moments. This term is substantially determined by a small number of extreme, inlying data values. The implications for bootstrap methods are significant, since the bootstrap is notoriously poor in capturing properties of extremes. Indeed, the bootstrap does not accurately approximate second-order features of the distribution of the two-dimensional spatial median. We suggest a Winsorizing device for alleviating the effects of inliers. The issue of outliers is also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Brown, Bruce M. & Hall, Peter & Young, G. Alastair, 1997. "On the Effect of Inliers on the Spatial Median," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 88-104, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:63:y:1997:i:1:p:88-104
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047-259X(97)91691-2
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arup Bose & Probal Chaudhuri, 1993. "On the dispersion of multivariate median," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 45(3), pages 541-550, September.
    2. Oja, Hannu, 1983. "Descriptive statistics for multivariate distributions," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 1(6), pages 327-332, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Riina Lemponen & Denis Larocque & Jaakko Nevalainen & Hannu Oja, 2012. "Weighted rank tests and Hodges-Lehmann estimates for the multivariate two-sample location problem with clustered data," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(4), pages 977-991, December.
    2. Bissantz, Nicolai & Dümbgen, Lutz & Munk, Axel & Stratmann, Bernd, 2008. "Convergence analysis of generalized iteratively reweighted least squares algorithms on convex function spaces," Technical Reports 2008,25, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    3. Ollila, Esa & Oja, Hannu & Croux, Christophe, 2003. "The affine equivariant sign covariance matrix: asymptotic behavior and efficiencies," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 328-355, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cabana Garceran del Vall, Elisa & Laniado Rodas, Henry & Lillo Rodríguez, Rosa Elvira, 2017. "Multivariate outlier detection based on a robust Mahalanobis distance with shrinkage estimators," DES - Working Papers. Statistics and Econometrics. WS 24613, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Estadística.
    2. G. Zioutas & C. Chatzinakos & T. D. Nguyen & L. Pitsoulis, 2017. "Optimization techniques for multivariate least trimmed absolute deviation estimation," Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 781-797, October.
    3. Gangwei Cai & Baoping Zou & Xiaoting Chi & Xincheng He & Yuang Guo & Wen Jiang & Qian Wu & Yujin Zhang & Yanna Zhou, 2023. "Neighborhood Spatio-Temporal Impacts of SDG 8.9: The Case of Urban and Rural Exhibition-Driven Tourism by Multiple Methods," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-37, January.
    4. Victor Chernozhukov & Alfred Galichon & Marc Hallin & Marc Henry, 2014. "Monge-Kantorovich Depth, Quantiles, Ranks, and Signs," Papers 1412.8434, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2015.
    5. Zhou, Xinyu & Ma, Yijia & Wu, Wei, 2023. "Statistical depth for point process via the isometric log-ratio transformation," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    6. Hwang, Jinsoo & Jorn, Hongsuk & Kim, Jeankyung, 2004. "On the performance of bivariate robust location estimators under contamination," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 587-601, January.
    7. J. T. A. S. Ferreira & M. F. J. Steel, 2004. "On Describing Multivariate Skewness: A Directional Approach," Econometrics 0409010, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Li, Weiming & Xu, Yangchang, 2022. "Asymptotic properties of high-dimensional spatial median in elliptical distributions with application," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    9. Masato Okamoto, 2009. "Decomposition of gini and multivariate gini indices," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 7(2), pages 153-177, June.
    10. Victor Chernozhukov & Alfred Galichon & Marc Hallin & Marc Henry, 2014. "Monge-Kantorovich Depth, Quantiles, Ranks, and Signs," Papers 1412.8434, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2015.
    11. Averous, Jean & Meste, Michel, 1997. "Median Balls: An Extension of the Interquantile Intervals to Multivariate Distributions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 222-241, November.
    12. Möttönen, J. & Hettmansperger, T. P. & Oja, H. & Tienari, J., 1998. "On the Efficiency of Affine Invariant Multivariate Rank Tests," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 118-132, July.
    13. Taskinen, Sara & Kankainen, Annaliisa & Oja, Hannu, 2003. "Sign test of independence between two random vectors," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 9-21, March.
    14. Eisenberg, Bennett, 2015. "The multivariate Gini ratio," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 292-298.
    15. Aurora Torrente & Juan Romo, 2021. "Initializing k-means Clustering by Bootstrap and Data Depth," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 38(2), pages 232-256, July.
    16. Fraiman, Ricardo & Gamboa, Fabrice & Moreno, Leonardo, 2019. "Connecting pairwise geodesic spheres by depth: DCOPS," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 81-94.
    17. Kim, Jeankyung, 2000. "Rate of convergence of depth contours: with application to a multivariate metrically trimmed mean," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 393-400, October.
    18. Wang, Jin & Zhou, Weihua, 2012. "A generalized multivariate kurtosis ordering and its applications," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 169-180.
    19. Ella Roelant & Stefan Van Aelst, 2007. "An L1-type estimator of multivariate location and shape," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 15(3), pages 381-393, February.
    20. Kwiecien, Robert & Gather, Ursula, 2007. "Jensen's inequality for the Tukey median," Technical Reports 2007,07, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:63:y:1997:i:1:p:88-104. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622892/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.