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Russia׳s natural gas policy toward Northeast Asia: Rationales, objectives and institutions

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  • Shadrina, Elena

Abstract

The article examines the institutional dimensions of Russia׳s gas policy toward Northeast Asia (NEA11The geographical boundaries of NEA remain loose and are often interpreted variously depending on a purpose of a specific enquiry. This study centres on NEA as being informed by the Russian Federation, Japan, the People’s Republic of China (China) and the Republic of Korea (Korea). While analysing Russia’s gas relations with the latter three, the article refers to them as NEA-3. During the liberal economic reforms of the 1990s, development of natural gas deposits in the Russian Far East was made possible under the scheme of production sharing agreements (PSA). However, new PSAs were banned in Russia even before the advent of state capitalism in the early 2000s. This was, to a large extent, the result of strong anti-PSA lobbying led by the domestic energy business elite. Consequently, Russia׳s gas policy in the east began evolving from being project-specific toward being region-specific. Contemporary Russian gas policy toward NEA relies upon domestic (national and regional) and external institutions. In 2009, following the completion of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Sakhalin, Russia entered NEA gas markets. Transformations in the international gas markets facilitated the establishment of a two-pattern gas export policy in Russia in 2013. Under this policy, Russia׳s EU-oriented pipeline gas export remains monopolised by Gazprom, while Asia-oriented LNG export is partially liberalised. Russia has not been experiencing institutional discrepancy in NEA gas markets. However, as the markets evolve toward greater coordination, a rational option for Russia is to genuinely liberalise its gas policy.

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  • Shadrina, Elena, 2014. "Russia׳s natural gas policy toward Northeast Asia: Rationales, objectives and institutions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 54-67.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:74:y:2014:i:c:p:54-67
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.06.025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ion, MIHALCEA & Carmen-Eugenia, VERDES, 2013. "European Environmental Policy," Management Strategies Journal, Constantin Brancoveanu University, vol. 22(Special), pages 241-250.
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    3. Elena Shadrina & Michael Bradshaw, 2013. "Russia's energy governance transitions and implications for enhanced cooperation with China, Japan, and South Korea," Post-Soviet Affairs, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(6), pages 461-499, November.
    4. Aguilera, Roberto F. & Inchauspe, Julian & Ripple, Ronald D., 2014. "The Asia Pacific natural gas market: Large enough for all?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1-6.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vivoda, Vlado, 2022. "LNG export diversification and demand security: A comparative study of major exporters," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Aalto, Pami, 2014. "Energy market integration and regional institutions in east Asia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 91-100.
    3. Catherine Locatelli & Mehdi Abbas & Sylvain Rossiaud, 2015. "Russia and China hydrocarbon relations A building block toward international hydrocarbon regulation?," Working Papers hal-01246346, HAL.
    4. Catherine Locatelli, 2015. "Les échanges gaziers entre la Russie et la Chine à l’ aune de leur sécurité énergétique," Post-Print hal-01206226, HAL.
    5. Xiaoguang Wang, 2020. "Leadership-building dilemmas in emerging powers’ economic diplomacy: Russia’s energy diplomacy and China’s OBOR," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 117-138, March.
    6. Romanova, Tatiana, 2014. "Russian energy in the EU market: Bolstered institutionsand their effects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 44-53.
    7. Bouwmeester, Maaike C. & Oosterhaven, J., 2017. "Economic impacts of natural gas flow disruptions between Russia and the EU," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 288-297.
    8. Vatansever, Adnan, 2017. "Is Russia building too many pipelines? Explaining Russia's oil and gas export strategy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-11.
    9. Aalto, Pami, 2014. "Institutions in European and Asian energy markets: A methodological overview," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 4-15.

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