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Combined effect of technical, meteorological and agronomical factors on solid-set sprinkler irrigation: II. Modifications of the wind velocity and of the water interception plane by the crop canopy

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  • Sanchez, I.
  • Zapata, N.
  • Faci, J.M.

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were simultaneously irrigated in two adjoining plots with the same sprinkler solid-set system under the same operational and technical conditions. The Christiansen's uniformity coefficient (CUC) and the wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) were assessed from the irrigation depth (IDC) collected into pluviometers above each crop. A network of pluviometers was located above the maize canopy. Two networks of pluviometers were located above the alfalfa, one above the canopy and the other at the same level as that above the maize. The latter was used to analyze the effects of the water collecting plane. The wind velocity (WV) profile was measured above each crop using anemometers located at three levels. Both the CUC and the WDEL differed between maize and alfalfa. The crops modified both the wind velocity above the canopy and the water interception plane. Both effects were related to the height of the crops (h). When h increased, the water interception plane increased, and the overlap of the sprinklers decreased. The CUC of the IDC increased with the overlap. Because h was greater for maize than for alfalfa, the CUC was noticeably smaller for maize. The WV greatly decreased in proximity to the canopy. The WV at the level of the nozzles was smaller above the maize because the top of the canopy was closer to the nozzles than it was for alfalfa. However, the CUC of the IDC mainly depended on the WV at higher levels, where the WV was similar above both maize and alfalfa. The logarithmic wind profile overestimated the vertical variation of the WV in the space where the sprinklers distributed the water. The WDEL was greater above the maize than above the alfalfa. This finding was related to the underestimation of the IDC above maize, especially under windy conditions, because the pluviometers were located very close to the nozzles.

Suggested Citation

  • Sanchez, I. & Zapata, N. & Faci, J.M., 2010. "Combined effect of technical, meteorological and agronomical factors on solid-set sprinkler irrigation: II. Modifications of the wind velocity and of the water interception plane by the crop canopy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(10), pages 1591-1601, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:97:y:2010:i:10:p:1591-1601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Playan, E. & Garrido, S. & Faci, J.M. & Galan, A., 2004. "Characterizing pivot sprinklers using an experimental irrigation machine," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 70(3), pages 177-193, December.
    2. Seginer, Ido & Kantz, Dvora & Nir, Dov, 1991. "The distortion by wind of the distribution patterns of single sprinklers," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 341-359, May.
    3. Yazar, Attila, 1984. "Evaporation and drift losses from sprinkler irrigation systems under various operating conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 439-449, February.
    4. Playan, E. & Salvador, R. & Faci, J.M. & Zapata, N. & Martinez-Cob, A. & Sanchez, I., 2005. "Day and night wind drift and evaporation losses in sprinkler solid-sets and moving laterals," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 76(3), pages 139-159, August.
    5. Zapata, N. & Playan, E. & Martinez-Cob, A. & Sanchez, I. & Faci, J.M. & Lecina, S., 2007. "From on-farm solid-set sprinkler irrigation design to collective irrigation network design in windy areas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 187-199, January.
    6. Tarjuelo, J. M. & Ortega, J. F. & Montero, J. & de Juan, J. A., 2000. "Modelling evaporation and drift losses in irrigation with medium size impact sprinklers under semi-arid conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 263-284, April.
    7. Playan, E. & Zapata, N. & Faci, J.M. & Tolosa, D. & Lacueva, J.L. & Pelegrin, J. & Salvador, R. & Sanchez, I. & Lafita, A., 2006. "Assessing sprinkler irrigation uniformity using a ballistic simulation model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 84(1-2), pages 89-100, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Al-Ghobari, Hussein M. & El-Marazky, Mohamed S. & Dewidar, Ahmed Z. & Mattar, Mohamed A., 2018. "Prediction of wind drift and evaporation losses from sprinkler irrigation using neural network and multiple regression techniques," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 211-221.
    2. Sanchez, I. & Faci, J.M. & Zapata, N., 2011. "The effects of pressure, nozzle diameter and meteorological conditions on the performance of agricultural impact sprinklers," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 102(1), pages 13-24.
    3. Robles, O. & Playán, E. & Cavero, J. & Zapata, N., 2017. "Assessing low-pressure solid-set sprinkler irrigation in maize," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 37-49.
    4. Sheikhesmaeili, Omid & Montero, Jesús & Laserna, Santiago, 2016. "Analysis of water application with semi-portable big size sprinkler irrigation systems in semi-arid areas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 275-284.
    5. Cavero, Jose & Faci, Jose M. & Martínez-Cob, Antonio, 2016. "Relevance of sprinkler irrigation time of the day on alfalfa forage production," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 304-313.
    6. Maroufpoor, Saman & Maroufpoor, Eisa & Khaledi, Mohammad, 2019. "Effect of farmers’ management on movable sprinkler solid-set systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Aminpour, Younes & Dehghan, Darya & Playán, Enrique & Maroufpoor, Eisa, 2023. "Estimation of wind drift and evaporation losses of sprinkler irrigation systems using dimensional analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    8. Mattar, Mohamed A. & Roy, Dilip Kumar & Al-Ghobari, Hussein M. & Dewidar, Ahmed Z., 2022. "Machine learning and regression-based techniques for predicting sprinkler irrigation's wind drift and evaporation losses," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).

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