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Reassessing irrigation water quality guidelines for sodicity hazard

Author

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  • Qadir, M.
  • Sposito, G.
  • Smith, C.J.
  • Oster, J.D.

Abstract

Current irrigation water quality guidelines for sodicity hazard, in use since the 1980s, are based on assessments of salinity (Electrical conductivity, EC) and sodicity (Sodium Adsorption Ratio, SAR), where SAR considers the positive effects of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) against the adverse effects of sodium (Na) on soil permeability. Recent research and practice, however, have provided ample evidence for negative effects of both potassium (K) and Mg on soil physical properties in addition to Na. This paper (1) discusses a proposed irrigation water quality parameter which generalizes SAR by including the Potassium Adsorption Ratio (PAR) along with two adjustable numerical coefficients for the K and Mg concentrations to reflect their role as dispersive cations; (2) discusses the tradeoffs from including K and the complex effects of Mg in irrigation water quality assessment; (3) analyzes water quality using the new parameter for 600 water samples from irrigated regions around the world; and (4) proposes revised irrigation water quality guidelines for assessing soil permeability hazard, a generalization of sodicity hazard. Revising current irrigation water quality guidelines in this way will help practitioners assess the suitability of a given water more accurately and will guide fit-for-purpose options and associated management strategies to ensure the sustainability of irrigated agriculture as the use of marginal-quality waters increases to meet the challenge of freshwater scarcity.

Suggested Citation

  • Qadir, M. & Sposito, G. & Smith, C.J. & Oster, J.D., 2021. "Reassessing irrigation water quality guidelines for sodicity hazard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:255:y:2021:i:c:s037837742100319x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107054
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vyshpolsky, F. & Mukhamedjanov, K. & Bekbaev, U. & Ibatullin, S. & Yuldashev, T. & Noble, A.D. & Mirzabaev, A. & Aw-Hassan, A. & Qadir, M., 2010. "Optimizing the rate and timing of phosphogypsum application to magnesium-affected soils for crop yield and water productivity enhancement," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(9), pages 1277-1286, September.
    2. Buelow, Maya C. & Steenwerth, Kerri & Parikh, Sanjai J., 2015. "The effect of mineral-ion interactions on soil hydraulic conductivity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 277-285.
    3. Minhas, P.S. & Qadir, Manzoor & Yadav, R.K., 2019. "Groundwater irrigation induced soil sodification and response options," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 74-85.
    4. Liang, Xueying & Rengasamy, Pichu & Smernik, Ronald & Mosley, Luke M., 2021. "Does the high potassium content in recycled winery wastewater used for irrigation pose risks to soil structural stability?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    5. Smith, C.J. & Oster, J.D. & Sposito, G., 2015. "Potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 59-64.
    6. Vyshpolsky, F. & Bekbaev, U. & Mukhamedjanov, K. & Ibatullin, S. & Paroda, R. & Yuldashev, T. & Karimov, Akmal & Aw-Hassan, A. & Noble, Andrew & Qadir, Manzoor, 2008. "Enhancing the productivity of high-magnesium soil and water resources," IWMI Reports 273359, International Water Management Institute.
    7. Dang, A. & Bennett, J. McL. & Marchuk, A. & Marchuk, S. & Biggs, A.J.W. & Raine, S.R., 2018. "Validating laboratory assessment of threshold electrolyte concentration for fields irrigated with marginal quality saline-sodic water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 21-29.
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