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Monitoring of nitrate leaching during flush flooding events in a coarse-textured floodplain soil

Author

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  • Salazar, Osvaldo
  • Vargas, Juan
  • Nájera, Francisco
  • Seguel, Oscar
  • Casanova, Manuel

Abstract

The demand for foods in central Chile is increasing and arable land is expanding rapidly onto floodplain soils, which are being cleared for maize cultivation. After harvest, a significant amount of residual nitrogen (N) may be still present in the soil in autumn–winter, when a high risk of nitrate leaching (NL) is expected due to occasional flooding events. Determining nitrate (NO3−) movement through the vadose zone is essential for studying the impact of agricultural practices on surface water quality. This study focused on understanding the processes of NO3− leaching in a floodplain environment and compared the effectiveness of four different methods: soil coring (T0), an observation well (T1), ceramic suction cup lysimeters (T2) and a capillary lysimeter (FullStop™ wetting front detector) (T3) for monitoring NL using an infiltration cylinder to simulate the conditions generated during flush flooding events during autumn–winter season in a typical coarse-textured alluvial floodplain soil. The comparison showed that T0 and T3 can be used for monitoring NL during flush flooding events during autumn–winter season in stratified coarse-textured floodplain soils, whereas T1 and T2 are not appropriate for these site conditions. A correlation was found between NO3 and soluble salt (Cl− concentration and EC) only in the first measurements after the dry summer period. The results of this study suggest that most of the surplus N could be leached by excessive irrigation during the crop growing season (spring–summer), while a lower amount of residual N may still be present in the soil in autumn–winter available to be lost by NL during flush flooding events. Overall the two monitored flushing events could have leached around 6% of the total NO3–N load. There was no significant effect of sampler devices on saturated hydraulic conductivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Salazar, Osvaldo & Vargas, Juan & Nájera, Francisco & Seguel, Oscar & Casanova, Manuel, 2014. "Monitoring of nitrate leaching during flush flooding events in a coarse-textured floodplain soil," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 218-227.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:146:y:2014:i:c:p:218-227
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.08.014
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    1. Feng, Zhao-Zhong & Wang, Xiao-Ke & Feng, Zong-Wei, 2005. "Soil N and salinity leaching after the autumn irrigation and its impact on groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 131-143, February.
    2. Arauzo, M. & Martínez-Bastida, J.J. & Valladolid, M. & Díez, J.A., 2010. "Field evaluation of Gee Passive Capillary Lysimeters for monitoring drainage in non-gravelly and gravelly alluvial soils: A useful tool to estimate nitrogen leaching from agriculture," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 465-474, March.
    3. van der Laan, M. & Stirzaker, R.J. & Annandale, J.G. & Bristow, K.L. & Preez, C.C. du, 2010. "Monitoring and modelling draining and resident soil water nitrate concentrations to estimate leaching losses," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(11), pages 1779-1786, November.
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    1. Cabrera Corral, Francisco Javier & Bonachela Castaño, Santiago & Fernández Fernández, María Dolores & Granados García, María Rosa & López Hernández, Juan Carlos, 2016. "Lysimetry methods for monitoring soil solution electrical conductivity and nutrient concentration in greenhouse tomato crops," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 171-179.
    2. Salazar, Osvaldo & Balboa, Liliana & Peralta, Kiri & Rossi, Michel & Casanova, Manuel & Tapia, Yasna & Singh, Ranvir & Quemada, Miguel, 2019. "Effect of cover crops on leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a maize-cover crop rotation in Mediterranean Central Chile," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 399-406.
    3. Salazar, Osvaldo & Nájera, Francisco & Tapia, Wilson & Casanova, Manuel, 2017. "Evaluation of the DAISY model for predicting nitrogen leaching in coarse-textured soils cropped with maize in the Mediterranean zone of Chile," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 77-86.

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