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Assessing reference evapotranspiration by the Hargreaves method in north-eastern Italy

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  • Berti, Antonio
  • Tardivo, Gianmarco
  • Chiaudani, Alessandro
  • Rech, Francesco
  • Borin, Maurizio

Abstract

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations proposed the (FAO)-56 Penman–Monteith equation (FAO-56 PM) as the standard method for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0). This equation requires weather data which are not available in most stations or present wide gaps and/or inaccuracies in their measurement. To solve this problem, the Hargreaves equation (HARG) is recognized by FAO and is often used. This equation is based on average, minimum and maximum air temperature and extraterrestrial radiation. It tends to overestimate ET0 in humid conditions and requires a local calibration. This paper examines the possibility for calibrating the HARG equation in Veneto region (north-eastern Italy) according to different criteria. For this study, full weather data sets of daily values collected along the period 1994–2006 from 35 agro-meteorological stations located in the Veneto plain were used. Ten stations were selected for calibration of the adjusted HARG equations, in order to represent the different areas of the plain, while the other 25 were used for validation.

Suggested Citation

  • Berti, Antonio & Tardivo, Gianmarco & Chiaudani, Alessandro & Rech, Francesco & Borin, Maurizio, 2014. "Assessing reference evapotranspiration by the Hargreaves method in north-eastern Italy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 20-25.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:140:y:2014:i:c:p:20-25
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.03.015
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    1. Sentelhas, Paulo C. & Gillespie, Terry J. & Santos, Eduardo A., 2010. "Evaluation of FAO Penman-Monteith and alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration with missing data in Southern Ontario, Canada," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(5), pages 635-644, May.
    2. Gavilan, P. & Lorite, I.J. & Tornero, S. & Berengena, J., 2006. "Regional calibration of Hargreaves equation for estimating reference ET in a semiarid environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 81(3), pages 257-281, March.
    3. Jacovides, C. P. & Kontoyiannis, H., 1995. "Statistical procedures for the evaluation of evapotranspiration computing models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(3-4), pages 365-371, July.
    4. Jabloun, M. & Sahli, A., 2008. "Evaluation of FAO-56 methodology for estimating reference evapotranspiration using limited climatic data: Application to Tunisia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(6), pages 707-715, June.
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    2. Mattar, Mohamed A., 2018. "Using gene expression programming in monthly reference evapotranspiration modeling: A case study in Egypt," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 28-38.
    3. Xiang, Keyu & Li, Yi & Horton, Robert & Feng, Hao, 2020. "Similarity and difference of potential evapotranspiration and reference crop evapotranspiration – a review," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    4. Soo-Jin Kim & Seung-Jong Bae & Min-Won Jang, 2022. "Linear Regression Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Using Limited Climate Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Gonçalo C. Rodrigues & Ricardo P. Braga, 2021. "Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration during the Irrigation Season Using Nine Temperature-Based Methods in a Hot-Summer Mediterranean Climate," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Gonçalo C. Rodrigues & Ricardo P. Braga, 2021. "A Simple Procedure to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration during the Irrigation Season in a Hot-Summer Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, January.
    7. Paredes, P. & Pereira, L.S. & Almorox, J. & Darouich, H., 2020. "Reference grass evapotranspiration with reduced data sets: Parameterization of the FAO Penman-Monteith temperature approach and the Hargeaves-Samani equation using local climatic variables," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    8. Congjian Sun & Zhenjing Zheng & Wei Chen & Yuyang Wang, 2020. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Potential Evapotranspiration in the Loess Plateau of China During 1960–2017," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, January.
    9. Michael S. O’Donnell & Daniel J. Manier, 2022. "Spatial Estimates of Soil Moisture for Understanding Ecological Potential and Risk: A Case Study for Arid and Semi-Arid Ecosystems," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-37, October.
    10. Singh Rawat, Kishan & Kumar Singh, Sudhir & Bala, Anju & Szabó, Szilárd, 2019. "Estimation of crop evapotranspiration through spatial distributed crop coefficient in a semi-arid environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 922-933.
    11. Feng, Yu & Jia, Yue & Cui, Ningbo & Zhao, Lu & Li, Chen & Gong, Daozhi, 2017. "Calibration of Hargreaves model for reference evapotranspiration estimation in Sichuan basin of southwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1-9.
    12. Tolomio, Massimo & Borin, Maurizio, 2019. "Controlled drainage and crop production in a long-term experiment in North-Eastern Italy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 21-29.
    13. Paredes, Paula & Martins, Diogo S. & Pereira, Luis Santos & Cadima, Jorge & Pires, Carlos, 2018. "Accuracy of daily estimation of grass reference evapotranspiration using ERA-Interim reanalysis products with assessment of alternative bias correction schemes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 340-353.

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