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Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen: Stütze der gewerblichen Wirtschaft in Europa

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  • Alexander Schiersch
  • Alexander S. Kritikos

Abstract

European and German economic policy are increasingly shifting their emphasis to small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs). In 2008, the European Union adopted the Small Business Act with the goal of creating better underlying conditions for smaller businesses. The German government is also looking to strengthen the economic potential and competitiveness of SMEs. However, the EU Commission has only fairly recently started to monitor these companies systematically and Europe-wide, with the aim of gaining new insights to enable more targeted focusing of future policy measures. DIW Berlin evaluated the most recent data available and studied how SMEs have developed in the last few years, for example, how well they mastered the crisis. The study shows that value added and employment in SMEs, especially in the crisis countries, fell by one-fifth and more. Although the available data is less than perfect in several respects, the analysis of the employment trend suggests that the smallest companies with up to nine employees had a stabilizing effect. Labor productivity of SMEs with up to 249 employees showed initial positive signs. Whether this is the beginning of a turnaround remains to be seen. Overall, SMEs are a strong pillar of European trade and industry: they produce almost 60 percent of added value and provide almost two-thirds of all jobs across the EU. Die kleinen und mittelgroßen Unternehmen (KMU) rücken immer stärker ins Zentrum der europäischen und deutschen Wirtschaftspolitik. Die Europäische Union verabschiedete 2008 den Small Business Act, der bessere Rahmenbedingungen für die kleineren Unternehmen schaffen soll. Auch die Bundesregierung will die Leistungskraft und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der KMU stärken. Erst seit relativ kurzer Zeit hat die EU-Kommission jedoch mit einer systematischen, europaweiten Beobachtung dieser Unternehmen begonnen, die neue Erkenntnisse liefern und so künftig eine gezieltere Ausrichtung der politischen Maßnahmen erlauben soll. Das DIW Berlin hat die aktuellsten verfügbaren Daten ausgewertet und untersucht, wie sich die KMU in den vergangenen Jahren entwickelt haben. So wurde der Frage nachgegangen, wie gut die kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen durch die Krise gekommen sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Wertschöpfung und Beschäftigung in den KMU, insbesondere in den Krisenstaaten, um ein Fünftel und mehr eingebrochen sind. Zwar ist die Datenlage in mehrfacher Hinsicht schwierig, die Zerlegung der Beschäftigungsentwicklung legt aber nahe, dass die Kleinstunternehmen mit bis zu neun Mitarbeitern stabilisierend gewirkt haben. Bei Betrachtung der Arbeitsproduktivität der KMU mit bis zu 249 Mitarbeitern zeigen sich erste positive Signale. Ob dies der Beginn einer Trendwende ist, bleibt abzuwarten. Insgesamt sind die KMU eine starke Stütze der europäischen gewerblichen Wirtschaft: EU-weit produzieren sie fast 60 Prozent der Wertschöpfung und stellen fast zwei Drittel aller Arbeitsplätze.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Schiersch & Alexander S. Kritikos, 2014. "Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen: Stütze der gewerblichen Wirtschaft in Europa," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(13), pages 277-287.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-13-3
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    SME; value added; employment; labor productivity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

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