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Auswirkungen des gewaltsamen Konflikts in Kolumbien auf den informellen Arbeitsmarkt der Selbständigen

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  • Nina Wald

Abstract

Colombia has been embroiled in armed conflict since the 1960s. This has led to repeated armed attacks and the displacement of large swathes of the country's population. At the same time, the country's labor market is characterized by a large informal sector of mostly self- employed workers. This study shows that there is a causal link between the development of self-employment in Colombia and the impact of the conflict. It has influenced the labor markets both in directly affected areas and in the communities that have had to cope with the high influx of refugees. In the latter, the proportion of self-employed is rising while, at the same time, hourly wages are falling as a result of the increasing supply of unskilled labor, particularly in the service sector. Self-employment in agriculture, however, is affected to a greater extent by attacks from armed groups. There are significantly more self-employed people involved in agriculture in regions impacted by the conflict than in peaceful areas. These differences should be taken into account in planning labor market programs so they achieve the desired effects. Kolumbien ist seit den 1960er Jahren einem gewaltsamen Konflikt ausgesetzt, der seitdem immer wieder bewaffnete Übergriffe und Vertreibungen großer Teile der Landbevölkerung zur Folge hatte. Gleichzeitig ist der Arbeitsmarkt des Landes von einem großen informellen Sektor mit zumeist selbständig Erwerbstätigen geprägt. Diese Untersuchung zeigt, dass ein kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen der Entwicklung der Selbständigkeit in Kolumbien und den Folgen des Konflikts besteht. Auswirkungen zeigen sich auf den Arbeitsmärkten sowohl in direkt betroffenen Gebieten als auch in Gemeinden, die einen hohen Zustrom an Flüchtlingen zu verkraften haben. In letzteren steigt der Anteil der Selbständigen bei gleichzeitig fallenden Stundenlöhnen in Folge eines zunehmenden Angebots an ungelernten Arbeitskräften, insbesondere im Dienstleistungssektor. Selbständigkeit in der Landwirtschaft hingegen wird eher von Übergriffen bewaffneter Gruppen beeinflusst. In von dem Konflikt betroffenen Regionen sind signifikant mehr Selbständige in der Landwirtschaft tätig als in friedlichen Gebieten. Diesen Unterschieden sollte bei der Planung von Arbeitsmarktprogrammen Rechnung getragen werden, damit sie die erwünschten Wirkungen erzielen.

Suggested Citation

  • Nina Wald, 2013. "Auswirkungen des gewaltsamen Konflikts in Kolumbien auf den informellen Arbeitsmarkt der Selbständigen," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(50), pages 24-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:80-50-4
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Self-employment; civil conflict; rural labor markets; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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