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The political economy of WTO accession: the unfinished business of universal membership

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  • JONES, KENT

Abstract

While the WTO now represents most of the world's population, GDP, and trade, the accession process since its founding has been lengthy, and it is getting longer. Compared to its predecessor, the GATT, the WTO applies a much more detailed and legalistic approach to accession, due to its broader scope of policy coverage and the enforcement powers of the Dispute Settlement Understanding. In WTO accession cases, WTO incumbent members have a superior bargaining position. The present study provides evidence that the elapsed time from WTO application to accession has increased with the number of completed accessions, suggesting a process of learning by WTO members to bargain for more demanding concessions from applicants. Regarding the terms of accession, the number of rules commitments has increased, and the level of bound tariffs has fallen, as the number of completed accessions has increased. In view of the difficult cases remaining in order to complete universal WTO membership, the author proposes more flexibility in accession requirements, along the lines of the GATT tradition.

Suggested Citation

  • Jones, Kent, 2009. "The political economy of WTO accession: the unfinished business of universal membership," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(2), pages 279-314, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:wotrrv:v:8:y:2009:i:02:p:279-314_00
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kent Jones & Yunwei Gai, 2013. "Joining the WTO: Why Does It Take So Long?," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 695-716, September.
    2. Vasily Astrov & Mahdi Ghodsi & Mario Holzner & David Pichler & Leon Podkaminer, 2019. "Monthly Report No. 11/2019," wiiw Monthly Reports 2019-11, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    3. Buettner, Thiess & Madzharova, Boryana, 2018. "WTO membership and the shift to consumption taxes," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 197-218.
    4. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2023. "Effect of the duration of membership in the GATT/WTO on economic growth volatility," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 448-467.
    5. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2021. "WTO membership, the membership duration and the utilization of non-reciprocal trade preferences offered by the QUAD Countries," EconStor Preprints 247265, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    6. Mark Copelovitch & David Ohls, 2012. "Trade, institutions, and the timing of GATT/WTO accession in post-colonial states," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 81-107, March.
    7. Posh Raj Pandey & Ratnakar Adhikari & Swarnim Wagle, 2014. "Nepal's Accession to the World Trade Organization: Case Study of Issues Relevant to Least Developed Countries," CDP Background Papers 023, United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs.
    8. Steve Charnovitz, 2010. "A Post-Montesquieu Analysis of the WTO," Working Papers 2010-3, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy.
    9. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2022. "Effect of Aid for Trade flows on the Accession to the World Trade Organization," EconStor Preprints 261331, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    10. Roy, Martin, 2010. "Endowments, power, and democracy: Political economy of multilateral commitments on trade in services," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2010-11, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    11. Żołądkiewicz Krystyna, 2011. "Some Deficiencies Within the WTO System," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 78-88, January.

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