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Sistema pensional colombiano: ¿fuente de igualdad o desigualdad?

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  • Julio César Vaca F.

Abstract

Este trabajo ofrece un análisis sobre la distribución del ingreso de los pensionados, resaltando la existencia de una restricción de pensión mínima. Primero, se calculó un Coeficiente de Gini para las personas afiliadas a los fondos de pensiones privadas. Seguidamente, se realizó una proyección a 40 anos de las personas actualmente afiliadas, con el fin de poder observar, en primer término, si hacia el futuro la distribución del ingreso de los pensionados continuará con la actual tendencia y en segundo término para observar si la existencia de la restricción de pensión mínima concentra la acumulación del ingreso en los deciles más altos. Al eliminar la restricción de pensión mínima de la proyección se observó que la diferencia encontrada en la distribución del ingreso resultó ser significativa. Con el fin de completar el análisis se realizaron proyecciones para el régimen de prima media utilizando los datos de los fondos privados de pensiones; estos ejercicios nos mostraron que el Régimen de Ahorro Individual con Solidaridad y en menor medida el Régimen de Prima Media (debido a un posible sesgo de selección) son una fuente de desigualdad que necesita ser reformado, en aras de lograr una mejor distribución del ingreso de los pensionados en el país. Abstract. This paper analyses income distribution of retirees highlighting the effect of a minimum pension scheme. I first calculate a Gini coefficient for all people affiliated to private pension funds and then simulate income inequality over 40 years to understand the evolution of inequality for this sample and whether the minimum pension restriction concentrates income in the higher deciles. Eliminating the minimum pension restriction has significant effects on the results of the simulations. Simulations with private pension funds show how two features of the Colombian pension system, the so called ¿Régimen de Ahorro Individual con Solidaridad¿ and the ¿Régimen de Prima Media¿ are sources of inequality and should be reformed if we want to reduce inequality among retirees.

Suggested Citation

  • Julio César Vaca F., 2013. "Sistema pensional colombiano: ¿fuente de igualdad o desigualdad?," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:011648
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Garantía de pensión mínima; Régimen de ahorro individual con solidaridad; Régimen de prima media; Mercado laboral.Minimum Pension Guarantee; Individual Safing Regime with Solidarity; Average Premium Scheme; Labor Market;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare

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