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Finanzas y crecimiento en México: ¿Quién aporta más, la banca o la bolsa?

Author

Listed:
  • Méndez-Heras, Lizethe Berenice
  • Venegas Martínez, Francisco
  • Solis Rosales, Ricardo

Abstract

Resumen: Este artículo estudia la relación entre la estructura financiera y el crecimiento económico de México durante el periodo 1980-2014. La literatura identifica dos tipos de estructura financiera: bank-based y stock-market-based. En la primera, la banca comercial impacta positivamente la actividad económica y, en la segunda, el mercado bursátil influye en el desempeno de la economía. Una tercera visión considera que toda la actividad financiera (bancos, mercado bursátil y otras instituciones financieras) influye en el crecimiento. Estas hipótesis se evalúan mediante modelos de vectores de corrección de errores (VEC). Los hallazgos empíricos sugieren que, considerando la liquidez del sistema financiero, la actividad bursátil predominó durante todo el periodo de estudio; pero al considerar el tamano del sistema financiero, prevaleció la actividad bancaria. También se muestra que el incremento de la liquidez del sistema financiero elevó el crecimiento económico, pero el incremento del tamano del sistema financiero disminuyó el PIB per cápita en el periodo 1980-2014. Y el análisis dinámico de corto plazo revela que si la estructura financiera se hiciera más bursátil el efecto en el crecimiento económico sería positivo. Abstract: This paper studies the relationship between the financial structure and the economic growth of Mexico during 1980-2014. The literature identifies two types of financial structure: bank-based and stock-market-based. In the first, commercial banking positively impacts economic activity, while in the second, the stock market influences the performance of the economy. A third view considers that all financial activity (banks, stock market and other financial institutions) influences growth. These hypotheses are assessed by using a VEC model. The empirical findings suggest that, considering the liquidity of the financial system, stock market activity predominates throughout the study period; but when we take the size of the financial system, banking activity prevails. We also show that increasing financial system liquidity had a positive effect on economic growth, although increasing the size of the financial system decreased the GDP per capita over the period 1980-2014. Moreover, the short-term dynamic analysis reveals that if the financial structure became more marketed-oriented, the effect on economic growth would be positive.

Suggested Citation

  • Méndez-Heras, Lizethe Berenice & Venegas Martínez, Francisco & Solis Rosales, Ricardo, 2021. "Finanzas y crecimiento en México: ¿Quién aporta más, la banca o la bolsa?," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 96, pages 235-278, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:020485
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Estructura financiera; crecimiento económico; sector bancario; mercado bursáti;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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