Analyse de l'éco-efficience du secteur laitier réunionnais : confrontation des objectifs productiviste et environnementaliste

Various methodological improvements in production function modelling allow the integration of undesirable outputs, the distinction between stakeholders? objective-function and the sectoral aggregation of individual technologies. This paper gathers these concepts in order to assess the eco-efficiency of the dairy sector in La Réunion. Our assessment compare two objectives seemingly opposed: the productivist approach and the environmentalist approach. According to the productivist approach, focused on the milk production maximization, inefficiency reduction could create an increase of 54 % of the dairy production, without additional undesirable emissions. At the same time, a better environmental management leads to an important potential decrease of undesirable outputs as greenhouse gases or nitrogen surpluses (? 46 %), given the current milk production. Unexpectedly, the two approaches lead to similar values of environmental indicators: Nitrogen surplus per liter of milk and greenhouse gases per liter of milk. On an insular territory as La Réunion, impacted by the food self-sufficiency issue of overseas department, efficiency sectoral analysis appears to be a powerful tool to support decision plan, as it allows an assessment of optimal allocation of local resources and an optimization of imported materials for agricultural sector.