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Zero Tolerance for GM Flax and the Rules of Trade

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  • Crina Viju
  • May T. Yeung
  • William A. Kerr

Abstract

type="main" xml:id="twec12077-abs-0001"> Trade in genetically modified products is a longstanding and contentious issue in agricultural trade. One issue has not, as yet, received much attention. This is the mingling of unapproved GM products with conventional products. This issue is likely to gain more prominence in the future as new GM product development accelerates. Until recently, problems with mingling were largely one-off events. Recently, however, an ongoing case of mingling has arisen – the case of Canadian GM flax in the EU. The case led to an embargo of imports from Canada and subsequently the bilateral negotiation of a protocol to allow exports to resume. The case raises a number of important issues pertaining to the objective of zero tolerance policies for GM products, the operationalisation of zero tolerance, the role of the testing industry, the design of testing regimes and the risks associated with the absence of transparency and/or international standardisation. It is concluded that mingling is a topic that is deserving of multilateral attention.

Suggested Citation

  • Crina Viju & May T. Yeung & William A. Kerr, 2014. "Zero Tolerance for GM Flax and the Rules of Trade," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 137-150, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:worlde:v:37:y:2014:i:1:p:137-150
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/twec.2014.37.issue-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Kerr, William A., 2017. "Genomics, International Trade and Food Security," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 18(2), December.
    2. Michaela LUDVÍKOVÁ & Miroslav GRIGA, 2015. "Transgenic flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) - expectations and reality," Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 51(4), pages 123-141.
    3. Kerr, William A., 2020. "Are the Benefits of Trade No Longer Sufficient?," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 21(2), December.
    4. Smyth Stuart & Kerr William & Phillips Peter, 2017. "Labeling Demands, Coexistence and the Challenges for Trade," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, January.
    5. Hartigan, James C. & McMahon, Joseph A., 2022. "A fuzzy look at a fuzzy agreement: Risk management under the WTO SPS Agreement," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 272-284.
    6. Kerr, William A., 2015. "Governance of International Trade in Genetically Modified Organisms: Is Future Global Food Security at Risk?," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18.
    7. Kerr, William A., 2014. "Food Security and Trade: Some Supply Conundrums for 2050," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18.

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