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Immigration Policy in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States: An Overview of Recent Trends

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  • Ather H. Akbari
  • Martha MacDonald

Abstract

type="main" xml:id="imre12128-abs-0001"> Immigration policies in most host nations of the west have undergone significant changes in recent years. Based on the four country-specific papers that appear in this section of the journal, and also on our own research, we present an overview of these changes and their context. In all countries, economic considerations play a central role in shaping immigration policy and greater importance is given to scientific research. Several common policy changes are noted in Australia, Canada and New Zealand which include: a shift away from a human capital focus toward more targeted selection based on labor market demand for specific skills, increased emphasis on temporary foreign worker programs, attraction of international students, an overhauling of the refugee system, and regionalization of immigration. In the U.S., while adoption of some of these changes has often surfaced in public policy and academic discussions, legalization of unauthorized migrants remains an important policy debate, with recent arguments focusing on the economic benefits of legalization.

Suggested Citation

  • Ather H. Akbari & Martha MacDonald, 2014. "Immigration Policy in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States: An Overview of Recent Trends," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(3), pages 801-822, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:intmig:v:48:y:2014:i:3:p:801-822
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/imre.2014.48.issue-3
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Suzanne Bonner & Dipanwita Sarkar, 2020. "Who responds to fertility-boosting incentives? Evidence from pro-natal policies in Australia," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 42(18), pages 513-548.
    2. Nafiseh Ghafournia & Patricia Easteal, 2017. "Spouse Sponsorship Policies: Focus on Serial Sponsors," Laws, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Michael Trebilcock, 2019. "The Puzzle of Canadian Exceptionalism in Contemporary Immigration Policy," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 823-849, August.
    4. Dagmara Laukova & Aude Bernard & Toan Nguyen & Thomas Sigler, 2022. "The role of visa class in the location choices of immigrants in Australia at the regional and neighbourhood scales," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 201-231, June.
    5. Ather H. Akbari & Azad Haider, 2018. "Impact of Immigration on Economic Growth in Canada and in its Smaller Provinces," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 129-142, February.
    6. Tanvir C. Turin & Nashit Chowdhury & Deidre Lake, 2023. "Alternative Careers toward Job Market Integration: Barriers Faced by International Medical Graduates in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Nong ZHU & Cécile BATISSE, 2016. "L’Évolution Des Inégalités De Revenu Entre Canadiens De Naissance Et Immigrés," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 44, pages 121-140.
    8. Satrio Nindyo Istiko & Jo Durham & Lana Elliott, 2022. "(Not That) Essential: A Scoping Review of Migrant Workers’ Access to Health Services and Social Protection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, March.
    9. Ifft, Jennifer & Jodlowski, Margaret, 2022. "Is ICE freezing US agriculture? Farm-level adjustment to increased local immigration enforcement," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    10. Muhammad Shafiullah & Luke Emeka Okafor & Usman Khalid, 2019. "Determinants of international tourism demand: Evidence from Australian states and territories," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(2), pages 274-296, March.
    11. Duvnjak, Kristina & Bogdan, Sinisa & Baresa, Suzana, 2017. "Role Of Attractiveness Factors Of The Oecd Countries In Immigrations," UTMS Journal of Economics, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Macedonia, vol. 8(3), pages 307-317.
    12. Belinda A. Green & Yalda Latifi, 2021. "No One Smiles at Me: The Double Displacement of Iranian Migrant Men as Refugees Who Use Drugs in Australia," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-24, March.

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