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Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission of Residential Building Designs in Beijing

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  • Xianzheng Gong
  • Zuoren Nie
  • Zhihong Wang
  • Suping Cui
  • Feng Gao
  • Tieyong Zuo

Abstract

This study is based on the three types of residential buildings with framework structures in Beijing: concrete framework construction (CFC), light‐gauge steel framework construction (SFC), and wood framework construction (WFC). The analysis of the environmental load across the life cycle of the three types of buildings is conducted using life cycle assessment (LCA) according to the protocols of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040/44. The functional unit is the three material building designs, which possess the same function and design plan, and are built in concrete, light‐gauge steel, and light frame wood, inclusive of their respective envelope materials. Throughout the investigation, the calculations of the environmental load data of materials, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are comprehensively assessed and compared. The study shows that over the life cycle, the energy consumption of CFC is almost the same as that of SFC, and each of them is approximately 30% higher than that of WFC. Building use, steel material production, cement production, gypsum board production, and material transport are the main construction activities related to the energy consumption; the net CO2 emission of CFC is 44% higher than that of SFC and 49% higher than that of WFC. The main source of CO2 emission is the use of electricity; its contributions to the net CO2 emissions of WFC, SFC, and CFC are 67%, 64%, and 44%, respectively. The net CO2 emissions in the transport category cannot be ignored, with proportions amounting to 8%, 12%, and 11% for WFC, SFC, and CFC, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Xianzheng Gong & Zuoren Nie & Zhihong Wang & Suping Cui & Feng Gao & Tieyong Zuo, 2012. "Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission of Residential Building Designs in Beijing," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 16(4), pages 576-587, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:inecol:v:16:y:2012:i:4:p:576-587
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00415.x
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    1. Haibo Guo & Ying Liu & Wen-Shao Chang & Yu Shao & Cheng Sun, 2017. "Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction in the Operation Stage of Cross Laminated Timber Residential Buildings in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Ying Liu & Haibo Guo & Cheng Sun & Wen-Shao Chang, 2016. "Assessing Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) as an Alternative Material for Mid-Rise Residential Buildings in Cold Regions in China—A Life-Cycle Assessment Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-13, October.
    3. Chang, Yuan & Ries, Robert J. & Wang, Yaowu, 2013. "Life-cycle energy of residential buildings in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 656-664.
    4. Junfang Sun & Ji Chen & Xin Liao & Angran Tian & Jinxu Hao & Yuchen Wang & Qiang Tang, 2021. "The Workability and Crack Resistance of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Mortar Based on Expansion Agent through an Environmental Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, January.
    5. Pomponi, Francesco & Moncaster, Alice, 2018. "Scrutinising embodied carbon in buildings: The next performance gap made manifest," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2431-2442.
    6. Cabeza, Luisa F. & Rincón, Lídia & Vilariño, Virginia & Pérez, Gabriel & Castell, Albert, 2014. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of buildings and the building sector: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 394-416.
    7. Koo, Choongwan & Kim, Hyunjoong & Hong, Taehoon, 2014. "Framework for the analysis of the low-carbon scenario 2020 to achieve the national carbon Emissions reduction target: Focused on educational facilities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 356-367.
    8. Bin Lei & Linjie Yu & Zhiyu Chen & Wanying Yang & Cheng Deng & Zhuo Tang, 2022. "Carbon Emission Evaluation of Recycled Fine Aggregate Concrete Based on Life Cycle Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Paolo Tecchio & Jeremy Gregory & Elsa Olivetti & Randa Ghattas & Randolph Kirchain, 2019. "Streamlining the Life Cycle Assessment of Buildings by Structured Under‐Specification and Probabilistic Triage," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 23(1), pages 268-279, February.
    10. Kimberly Bawden & Eric Williams, 2015. "Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment of Low, Mid and High-Rise Multi-Family Dwellings," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-19, April.
    11. Marina Nikolić Topalović & Milenko Stanković & Goran Ćirović & Dragan Pamučar, 2018. "Comparison of the Applied Measures on the Simulated Scenarios for the Sustainable Building Construction through Carbon Footprint Emissions—Case Study of Building Construction in Serbia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
    12. Shuangxi Zhou & Zhenzhen Guo & Yang Ding & Jingliang Dong & Jianming Le & Jie Fu, 2021. "Effect of Green Construction on a Building’s Carbon Emission and Its Price at Materialization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    13. Haibo Guo & Ying Liu & Yiping Meng & Haoyu Huang & Cheng Sun & Yu Shao, 2017. "A Comparison of the Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Performance between Reinforced Concrete and Cross-Laminated Timber Structures in Residential Buildings in the Severe Cold Region of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-15, August.
    14. Emil Nagy & Carolina Berg Rustas & Cecilia Mark-Herbert, 2021. "Social Acceptance of Forest-Based Bioeconomy—Swedish Consumers’ Perspectives on a Low Carbon Transition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-16, July.
    15. Diana Carolina Gámez-García & José Manuel Gómez-Soberón & Ramón Corral-Higuera & Héctor Saldaña-Márquez & María Consolación Gómez-Soberón & Susana Paola Arredondo-Rea, 2018. "A Cradle to Handover Life Cycle Assessment of External Walls: Choice of Materials and Prognosis of Elements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-24, August.
    16. Libiao Bai & Hailing Wang & Chunming Shi & Qiang Du & Yi Li, 2017. "Assessment of SIP Buildings for Sustainable Development in Rural China Using AHP-Grey Correlation Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-12, October.

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