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The effect of poverty, social inequity, and maternal education on infant mortality in Nicaragua, 1988-1993

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  • Peña, R.
  • Wall, S.
  • Persson, L.-A.

Abstract

Objectives. This study assessed the effect of poverty and social inequity on infant mortality risks in Nicaragua from 1988 to 1993 and the preventive role of maternal education. Methods. A cohort analysis of infant survival, based on reproductive histories of a representative sample of 10876 women aged 15 to 49 years in Leon, Nicaragua, was conducted. A total of 7073 infants were studied; 342 deaths occurred during 6394 infant-years of follow- up. Outcome measures were infant mortality rate (IMR) and relative mortality risks for different groups. Results. IMR was 50 per 1000 live births. Poverty, expressed as unsatisfied basic needs (UBN) of the household, increased the risk of infant death (adjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15, 1.92). Social inequity, expressed as the contrast between the household UBN and the predominant UBN of the neighborhood, further increased the risk (adjusted RR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.71). A protective effect of the mother's educational level was seen only in poor households. Conclusions. Apart from absolute level of poverty, social inequity may be an independent risk factor for infant mortality in a low- income country. In poor households, female education may contribute to preventing infant mortality.

Suggested Citation

  • Peña, R. & Wall, S. & Persson, L.-A., 2000. "The effect of poverty, social inequity, and maternal education on infant mortality in Nicaragua, 1988-1993," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(1), pages 64-69.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2000:90:1:64-69_2
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    Cited by:

    1. Sabina Alkire, Maria Emma Santos, 2010. "Acute Multidimensional Poverty: A New Index for Developing Countries," OPHI Working Papers 38, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    2. Ji-Young Son & Jong-Tae Lee, 2011. "The effect of sociodemographic factors on infant mortality according to cause of death: a birth cohort in Seoul, Korea, 1999–2003," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 56(1), pages 7-13, February.
    3. Baiju Shah & Laxmi Dwivedi, 2011. "Causes of Neonatal Deaths among Tribal Women in Gujarat, India," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 30(4), pages 517-536, August.
    4. Jesse K. Anttila-Hughes & Lia C.H. Fernald & Paul J. Gertler & Patrick Krause & Eleanor Tsai & Bruce Wydick, 2018. "Mortality from Nestlé’s Marketing of Infant Formula in Low and Middle-Income Countries," NBER Working Papers 24452, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Hatt, Laurel E. & Waters, Hugh R., 2006. "Determinants of child morbidity in Latin America: A pooled analysis of interactions between parental education and economic status," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 375-386, January.
    6. Heaton, Tim B. & Forste, Renata & Hoffmann, John P. & Flake, Dallan, 2005. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 97-108, January.

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