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Infant mortality in the United States: Trends, differentials, and projections, 1950 through 2010

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  • Singh, G.K.
  • Yu, S.M.

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined long-term trends and differences in infant mortality in the United States from 1950 through 1991 according to race and ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. Forecasts are made through the year 2010. Methods. Log-linear regression models were applied to data from the National Vital Statistics System, National Linked Birth and Infant Death files, the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, the National Natality Survey, and the National Infant Mortality Survey to model and forecast infant mortality. Results. Dramatic declines in the US infant mortality rate have occurred in the past 4 decades, largely as a result of declines in mortality from pneumonia and influenza, respiratory distress syndrome, prematurity and low birthweight, congenital anomalies, and accidents. Despite the overall reductions, however, substantial racial/ethnic, educational, and income differences in infant mortality still exist. Conclusions. The long-term downward trend in US infant mortality has not benefited Blacks and Whites equally. The Black/White disparity in infant mortality has not only persisted but increased over time and is not expected to diminish in the near future. Educational inequalities have also widened, and racial disparities have generally increased across all educational levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Singh, G.K. & Yu, S.M., 1995. "Infant mortality in the United States: Trends, differentials, and projections, 1950 through 2010," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 85(7), pages 957-964.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1995:85:7:957-964_2
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    Cited by:

    1. Irma Elo, 2001. "New african American life tables from 1935–1940 to 1985–1990," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 38(1), pages 97-114, February.
    2. Benjamin Sosnaud, 2022. "Reconceptualizing Measures of Black–White Disparity in Infant Mortality in U.S. Counties," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(4), pages 1779-1808, August.
    3. Seaman, Rosie & Riffe, Tim & Leyland, Alastair H. & Popham, Frank & van Raalte, Alyson, 2019. "The increasing lifespan variation gradient by area-level deprivation: A decomposition analysis of Scotland 1981–2011," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 147-157.
    4. Wen Fan & Liying Luo, 2020. "Understanding Trends in the Concentration of Infant Mortality Among Disadvantaged White and Black Mothers in the United States, 1983–2013: A Decomposition Analysis," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(3), pages 979-1005, June.
    5. Amy Ehntholt & Daniel M. Cook & Natalie A. Rosenquist & Peter Muennig & Roman Pabayo, 2020. "State- and county-level income inequality and infant mortality in the USA in 2010: a cohort study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(6), pages 769-780, July.
    6. Savannah Larimore & Mosi Ifatunji & Hedwig Lee & Jane Rafferty & James Jackson & Margaret T. Hicken, 2021. "Geographic Variation in Reproductive Health Among the Black Population in the US: An Analysis of Nativity, Region of Origin, and Division of Residence," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(1), pages 33-59, February.
    7. Ruben Castro, 2012. "Educational differences in chronic conditions and their role in the educational differences in overall mortality," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 27(12), pages 339-364.
    8. Beck, Audrey N. & Finch, Brian K. & Lin, Shih-Fan & Hummer, Robert A. & Masters, Ryan K., 2014. "Racial disparities in self-rated health: Trends, explanatory factors, and the changing role of socio-demographics," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 163-177.
    9. Siddiqi, Arjumand & Jones, Marcella K. & Bruce, Donald J. & Erwin, Paul C., 2016. "Do racial inequities in infant mortality correspond to variations in societal conditions? A study of state-level income inequality in the U.S., 1992–2007," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 49-58.
    10. Haas, Steven & Rohlfsen, Leah, 2010. "Life course determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in functional health trajectories," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 240-250, January.
    11. Kathryn Sowards, 1997. "Premature birth and the changing composition of newborn infectious disease mortality: Reconsidering “exogenous” mortality," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 34(3), pages 399-409, August.
    12. Homan, Patricia, 2017. "Political gender inequality and infant mortality in the United States, 1990–2012," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 127-135.
    13. Amy Ehntholt & Daniel M. Cook & Natalie A. Rosenquist & Peter Muennig & Roman Pabayo, 0. "State- and county-level income inequality and infant mortality in the USA in 2010: a cohort study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 0, pages 1-12.
    14. Timothy Gage & Fu Fang & Erin O’Neill & Greg DiRienzo, 2013. "Maternal Education, Birth Weight, and Infant Mortality in the United States," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(2), pages 615-635, April.

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