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A prospective investigation of physical health outcomes in abused and neglected children: New findings from a 30-year follow-up

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  • Widom, C.S.
  • Czaja, S.J.
  • Bentley, T.
  • Johnson, M.S.

Abstract

Objectives. We investigated whether abused and neglected children are at risk for negative physical health outcomes in adulthood. Methods. Using a prospective cohort design, we matched children (aged 0-11 years) with documented cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect from a US Midwestern county during 1967 through 1971 with nonmaltreated children. Both groups completed a medical status examination (measured health outcomes and blood tests) and interview during 2003 through 2005 (mean age = 41.2 years). Results. After adjusting for age, gender, and race, child maltreatment predicted above normal hemoglobin, lower albumin levels, poor peak airflow, and vision problems in adulthood. Physical abuse predicted malnutrition, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin A1C. Neglect predicted hemoglobin A1C, albumin, poor peak airflow, and oral health and vision problems, Sexual abuse predicted hepatitis C and oral health problems. Additional controls for childhood socioeconomic status, adult socioeconomic status, unhealthy behaviors, smoking, and mental health problems play varying roles in attenuating or intensifying these relationships. Conclusions. Child abuse and neglect affect long-term health status-increasing risk for diabetes, lung disease, malnutrition, and vision problems-and support the need for early health care prevention.

Suggested Citation

  • Widom, C.S. & Czaja, S.J. & Bentley, T. & Johnson, M.S., 2012. "A prospective investigation of physical health outcomes in abused and neglected children: New findings from a 30-year follow-up," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(6), pages 1135-1144.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2011.300636_8
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300636
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    1. Maria E. Bleil & Cathryn Booth-LaForce & Aprile D. Benner, 2017. "Race Disparities in Pubertal Timing: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among African American Women," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 36(5), pages 717-738, October.
    2. Blake, Austin J. & Tung, Irene & Langley, Audra K. & Waterman, Jill M., 2018. "Substance use in youth adopted from foster care: Developmental mechanisms of risk," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 264-272.
    3. Osnat Lavenda & Jill D. McLeigh & Carmit Katz, 2017. "Measuring Collective Efficacy in the Context of Community-Based Child Maltreatment Prevention," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 10(2), pages 489-504, June.
    4. McCarthy, Molly M. & Taylor, Penny & Norman, Rosana E. & Pezzullo, Lynne & Tucci, Joe & Goddard, Chris, 2016. "The lifetime economic and social costs of child maltreatment in Australia," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 217-226.
    5. Hall, Martin T. & Walton, Matthew T. & Huebner, Ruth A. & Higgins, George E. & Kelmel, Aimee B. & Lorenz, Doug, 2021. "Sobriety treatment and recovery teams for families with co-occurring substance use and child maltreatment: A propensity score-matched evaluation," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    6. Fletcher Jason M. & Schurer Stefanie, 2017. "Origins of Adulthood Personality: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 17(2), pages 1-22, April.
    7. Buderer, Corinna & Hefti, Stephanie & Fux, Elodie & Pérez, Tania & Swenson, Cynthia Cupit & Fürstenau, Ute & Rhiner, Bruno & Schmid, Marc, 2020. "Effects of Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect on severity of neglect, behavioral and emotional problems, and attachment disorder symptoms in children," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    8. Esther Yin-Nei Cho, 2017. "Child Benefit Portfolios Across OECD Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 132(3), pages 1099-1115, July.
    9. Idan Shalev & Waylon J Hastings & Laura Etzel & Salomon Israel & Michael A Russell & Kelsie A Hendrick & Megan Zinobile & Sue Rutherford Siegel, 2020. "Investigating the impact of early-life adversity on physiological, immune, and gene expression responses to acute stress: A pilot feasibility study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Bartlett, Jessica Dym & Rushovich, Berenice, 2018. "Implementation of Trauma Systems Therapy-Foster Care in child welfare," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 30-38.
    11. Bartlett, Jessica Dym & Griffin, Jessica L. & Spinazzola, Joseph & Fraser, Jenifer Goldman & Noroña, Carmen Rosa & Bodian, Ruth & Todd, Marybeth & Montagna, Crystaltina & Barto, Beth, 2018. "The impact of a statewide trauma-informed care initiative in child welfare on the well-being of children and youth with complex trauma," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 110-117.
    12. Garcia, Antonio & Sprang, Ginny & Clemans, Tracy, 2023. "The role of school leaders in cultivating a trauma-informed school climate," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    13. Cho, Sujung & Braaten, Claire Nolasco, 2022. "The role of age-specific trauma history and depression of caregivers in the intergenerational transmission of child abuse victimization: Linear and quadratic latent growth curve models," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    14. Greeno, Elizabeth J. & Gould-Kabler, Carrie & Bowman, Sara & Strubler, Kevin & Harburger, Deborah S., 2023. "Enhanced-youth transition planning: An innovative practice change with transition-age youth involved with child welfare in a rural setting," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    15. Amy van Grieken & Esther M.B. Horrevorts & Cathelijne L. Mieloo & Rienke Bannink & Merian B.R. Bouwmeester-Landweer & Esther Hafkamp-de Groen & Suzanne Broeren & Hein Raat, 2019. "A Controlled Trial in Community Pediatrics to Empower Parents Who Are at Risk for Parenting Stress: The Supportive Parenting Intervention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-14, November.
    16. McLeigh, Jill D. & McDonell, James R. & Lavenda, Osnat, 2018. "Neighborhood poverty and child abuse and neglect: The mediating role of social cohesion," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 154-160.
    17. Greco, Ana M. & Pereda, Noemí & Guilera, Georgina, 2020. "Detection and reporting potential child and youth victimization cases from school: The role of knowledge," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    18. Lloyd, Kristin M. & Posick, Chad & Stevens, Jasmyn, 2022. "Physical and sexual assault, and negative perceptions of health: Does age of onset matter?," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    19. Conrad-Hiebner, Aislinn & Paschall, Katherine W., 2017. "Determining risk for child physical harm through the classification of economic insecurity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 161-169.

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