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Excess black mortality in the United States and in selected black and white high-poverty areas, 1980-2000

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  • Geronimus, A.T.
  • Bound, J.
  • Colen, C.G.

Abstract

Black working-aged residents of urban high-poverty areas suffered severe excess mortality in 1980 and 1990. Our goal in this study was to determine whether this trend persisted in 2000. We analyzed death certificate and census data to estimate age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality among 16- to 64-year-old Blacks and Whites nationwide and in selected urban and rural high-poverty areas. Urban men's mortality rate estimates peaked in 1990 and declined between 1990 and 2000 back to or below 1980 levels. Evidence of excess mortality declines among urban or rural women and among rural men was modest, with some increases. Between 1980 and 2000, there was little decline in chronic disease mortality among men and women in most areas, and in some instances there were increases. In 2000, despite improved economic conditions, working-age residents of the study areas still died disproportionately of early onset of chronic disease, suggesting an entrenched burden of disease and unmet health care needs. The lack of consistent improvement in death rates among working-age residents of high-poverty areas since 1980 necessitates reflection and concerted action given that sustainable progress has been elusive for this age group.

Suggested Citation

  • Geronimus, A.T. & Bound, J. & Colen, C.G., 2011. "Excess black mortality in the United States and in selected black and white high-poverty areas, 1980-2000," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(4), pages 720-729.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2010.195537_0
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.195537
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    Cited by:

    1. Dan A. Black & Yu-Chieh Hsu & Seth G. Sanders & Lowell J. Taylor, 2017. "Combining forward and backward mortality estimation," Population Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 71(3), pages 281-292, September.
    2. Hitchens, Brooklynn K., 2023. "The cumulative effect of gun homicide-related loss on neighborhood perceptions among street-identified black women and girls: A mixed-methods study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    3. John Bound & Arline T. Geronimus & Timothy A. Waidmann & Javier M. Rodriguez, 2018. "Local Economic Hardship and Its Role in Life Expectancy Trends," Working Papers wp389, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center.
    4. Patrick Sharkey & Michael Friedson, 2019. "The Impact of the Homicide Decline on Life Expectancy of African American Males," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(2), pages 645-663, April.
    5. Colen, Cynthia G. & Ramey, David M. & Cooksey, Elizabeth C. & Williams, David R., 2018. "Racial disparities in health among nonpoor African Americans and Hispanics: The role of acute and chronic discrimination," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 167-180.
    6. Arline Geronimus & John Bound & Annie Ro, 2014. "Residential Mobility Across Local Areas in the United States and the Geographic Distribution of the Healthy Population," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(3), pages 777-809, June.

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