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The effectiveness of child restraint systems for children aged 3 years or younger during motor vehicle collisions: 1996 to 2005

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  • Rice, T.M.
  • Anderson, C.L.

Abstract

Objectives. We estimated the effectiveness of child restraints in preventing death during motor vehicle collisions among children 3 years or younger. Methods. We conducted a matched cohort study using Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from 1996 to 2005. We estimated death risk ratios using conditional Poisson regression, bootstrapping, multiple imputation, and a sensitivity analysis of misclassification bias. We examined possible effect modification by selected factors. Results. The estimated death risk ratios comparing child safety seats with no restraint were 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.21, 0.34) for infants, 0.24 (95% CI=0.19, 0.30) for children aged 1 year, 0.40 (95% CI=0.32, 0.51) for those aged 2 years, and 0.41 (95% CI=0.33, 0.52) for those aged 3 years. Estimated safety seat effectiveness was greater during rollover collisions, in rural environments, and in light trucks. We estimated seat belts to be as effective as safety seats in preventing death for children aged 2 and 3 years. Conclusions. Child safety seats are highly effective in reducing the risk of death during severe traffic collisions and generally outperform seat belts. Parents should be encouraged to use child safety seats in favor of seat belts.

Suggested Citation

  • Rice, T.M. & Anderson, C.L., 2009. "The effectiveness of child restraint systems for children aged 3 years or younger during motor vehicle collisions: 1996 to 2005," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(2), pages 252-257.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2007.131128_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.131128
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    Cited by:

    1. D. Mark Anderson & Sina Sandholt, 2019. "Are Booster Seats More Effective than Child Safety Seats or Seat Belts at Reducing Traffic Fatalities among Children?," American Journal of Health Economics, MIT Press, vol. 5(1), pages 42-64, Winter.
    2. Kate Hunter & Amy Bestman & Madeleine Dodd & Megan Prinsloo & Pumla Mtambeka & Sebastian van As & Margaret Mary Peden, 2020. "Overloaded and Unrestrained: A Qualitative Study with Local Experts Exploring Factors Affecting Child Car Restraint Use in Cape Town, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Bae, Jin Yung & Anderson, Evan & Silver, Diana & Macinko, James, 2014. "Child passenger safety laws in the United States, 1978–2010: Policy diffusion in the absence of strong federal intervention," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 30-37.
    4. Delia Hendrie & Greg Lyle & Max Cameron, 2021. "Lives Saved in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by Road Safety Initiatives Funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies and Implemented by Their Partners between 2007–2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-21, October.
    5. Anderson, D. Mark & Sandholt, Sina, 2016. "Booster Seats and Traffic Fatalities among Children," IZA Discussion Papers 10071, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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